ANSIPRA BULLETIN 
Arctic Network for the Support of the Indigenous Peoples of the Russian Arctic (ANSIPRA)
Сеть Арктических Организаций в Поддержку Коренных Народов Российского Севера

No. 4, July 2000 - English Language Edition

Secretariat: 	Norsk Polarinstitutt, Polarmiljøsenteret, N-9296 Tromsø	E-mail: 	ANSIPRA@npolar.no
		Norwegian Polar Institute, Polar Environmental Centre, 	Phone: 	+47 - 77 75 05 00
		N-9296 Tromsø, Norway	Fax: 	+47 - 77 75 05 01
	Coordinator / Editor:	Winfried K. Dallmann, Tromsø	
	Assistant Coordinator:	Galina Diachkova (Дьячкова Галина), Moscow
	Assistant Editor:	Helle V. Goldman, Tromsø		

ANSIPRA (formerly NNSIPRA) Bulletin is an information publication of the “Arctic Network for the Support of the Indigenous Peoples of the Russian Arctic”. The Bulletin is issued twice a year. Additional issues are produced as new information warrants it. The Bulletin is edited in English and Russian. ANSIPRA Bulletin is distributed to all registered network participants, as well as relevant state agencies and funding institutions. Distribution is free. All written contributions are appreciated. 

ANSIPRA Bulletin is politically independent. A special part of the English language edition, however, presents translations of articles of the newsletter “Мир коренных народов” (Indigenous Peoples’ World), the official periodical of RAIPON (Russian Association of Indigenous Peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East of the Russian Federation), selected in cooperation with RAIPON. 

ANSIPRA (formerly NNSIPRA) is a communication network linking Russian Indigenous Peoples' Organisations (IPOs) with international institutions and organisations alarmed about the future of the indigenous peoples of the Russian North. ANSIPRA's main goal is to spread information, to mediate contacts, and to assist in project coordination and application for funding. 

CONTENTS OF THIS EDITION:	

From NNSIPRA to ANSIPRA. Letter from the Secretariat	3
10th Anniversary celebrations of RAIPON. Press release	4
Abolishment of Russian State Committee for Environmental Protection	
	Reprints of newspaper articles	5
	Decree of the President of the Russian Federation	6
International Workshop on Key Problems of the Indig. Peoples of the Russian North: Conclusions and Recom.	7
Motion of the Danish Parliament on its "Strategy for Danish Support to Indigenous Peoples"	11
Project "Reindeer". A proposed marketing project by Stanislav Dorzhinkevich (Fund NIP)	12
We must realize ourselves for our future.  A letter from Kamchatka by Nadezhda Marinenko	17
Declaration of the public organisations of the Kamchatka Oblast. Initiative against the construction of a pipeline	19
Doctors of the World: soon a decade of humanitarian action in Chukotka. Yvon Csonka (Univ. Neuchatel)	20
The Anadyr Society for Sobriety, ”Doverie” (“Trust”). Ivan Vukvukai, President of "Doverie"	20
Urgent Appeal for Assistance - Chukotka. World Council of Whalers	21
"Ilkėn" - Newspaper of the New Century. Editors of "Ilkėn"	22
What does the word "Ilkėn" mean? A.N. Myreeva (Russian Academy of Sciences)	22
Indigenous ethnic groups of the North, Siberia and the Far East of the Russian Federation	23
	Part II: The southern zone: Urals to Primorskiy Kray
	W.K. Dallmann (Norwegian Polar Institute) and G. Diachkova (Inst. of Ethnology and Anthropology, Moscow)
Notes		34
Book reviews	35
Meetings	37
Contacts and addresses	39

From NNSIPRA to ANSIPRA
Letter from the Secretariat

The increasingly international contacts of our network have long tempted us to reflect this change in the network's name. Having achieved an agreement with RAIPON (Russian Association of Indigenous Peoples of the Russian North) to publish English translations of their newsletter “Mir Korennykh Narodov”, which will probably attract an even larger readership, we have finally decided to change our name from this point forward  to ANSIPRA (Arctic Network for the Support of the Indigenous Peoples of the Russian Arctic), instead of NNSIPRA (Norwegian Network …). 
	We are still working at realizing an Internet homepage which has been delayed for financial reasons. It is hoped that  this homepage will be reality in autumn.
“Mir Korennykh Narodov”
RAIPON has started to issue its own internal newsletter “Mir Korennykh Narodov” ("Indigenous Peoples' World"), financially supported by the Foreign Ministry of Norway through the Saami/Nordic support programme (managed by UNEP/GRID-Arendal). Two issues are already available, while the third one is on its way. The newsletter can be accessed on the Internet at www.raipon.org. ANSIPRA will publish selected articles of the newsletter in English translation in future editions of the bulletin.
Financing problems
Although the interest in our bulletin and other assistance is increasing, financial support has not been equally forthcoming. In 1998 and 1999, most NNSIPRA activities could be financed through the internal budget of the Norwegian Polar Institute (NP). In addition, the Ministry of the Environment (Division of Polar Affairs and Cooperation with Russia) gave means to buy a computer for our assistant coordinator in Russia. 
	The situation has changed in 2000, when NP has to struggle hard to maintain financing of a number of projects. Three applications to funding agencies failed. NP now only covers salaries and the production and copying of the bulletin. We are forced to ask kind people to make those translations for free that exceed the capacity of our staff, and to pay for our travel with our own money.
	Thanks to the kindness of the managers of the Saami/Nordic support programme (see above), we will be able to launch our website and the translations of selections from “Mir Korennykh Narodov” during this year. These financial means are not at all secured from next year forward. We hope to get a more positive response on applications for next year's budget.

Contact us
Winfried Dallmann - e-mail dallmann@npolar.no
phone: (+47)-77750648/500 (Norwegian, English) fax: (+47)-77750501
Galina Diachkova - e-mail galina@sever.iea.ras.ru
phone: (+7-095)-9385719/1871 (Russian, English)
Helle Goldman - e-mail goldman@npolar.no
phone: (+47)-77750618/500 (English)
fax: (+47)-77750501

10th Anniversary celebrations of Russian Association of Indigenous Peoples of the North 

Press release

10th Anniversary celebrations of the Russian Association of Indigenous Peoples of the North (RAIPON) were held in Moscow on May 12-16, 2000, with over 250 indigenous participants from Russia and about 70 foreign guests. 
	The ceremonial events started with the anniversary plenary session “Past Decade – Basis for Development in 21st Century”, opened according to ancient traditions of northern peoples by the Chairman of RAIPON Elders’ Council – Mrs. Maya Ettyryntyna. The former USSR President Mikhail Gorbachev, the ambassadors and diplomats of Arctic countries, representatives of Russian Government and Parliament, UN agencies (UNEP, World Intellectual Property Organisation); Executive Secretaries of the Arctic Council Programs (AMAP, CAFF), representatives of international indigenous brother organisations (Inuit Circumpolar Conference, Saami Council, Aleut International Association) and Indigenous Peoples’ Secretariat, officially greeted and passed their congratulations to RAIPON. 
	The press-conference of RAIPON with the participation of President Mr. Sergey Kharyuchi, ex-presidents of RAIPON Mr.Vladimir Sangi and Mr. Yeremey Aypin, as well as the Chairman of RF State Committee for Northern Affairs Mr. Vladimir Goman, was held during the break in the plenary session. Journalists from leading Russian TV channels, radio stations, magazines and newspapers, as well as journalists from Arctic countries took part.

	The following events were also held during the anniversary celebrations:
•	Seminar on “Indigenous Peoples and the Environment in the Russian Arctic” (SIPERA III), organised by RAIPON with the support of Danish-Greenlandic Initiative, UNEP/GRID-Arendal and Indigenous Peoples’ Secretariat;
•	Second International Workshop “Priorities for Solution of the Key Problems of Indigenous Peoples of the North in Russia”, organised with the support of International Arctic Science Committee and Russian Academy of Sciences;
•	Meeting of RAIPON leaders with research staff of the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences; 
•	RAIPON Coordinating Council meeting, where four new non-governmental organisations of indigenous peoples of Khakassiya Republic and Altai Republic, Veps and Inuits peoples were elected new members of  RAIPON;
•	Youth conference with the discussion of indigenous youth problems;
•	PC and Internet courses for indigenous peoples from the regions;
•	Cultural festival “Sun of the North” with participation of folk ensembles, indigenous soloists and elders. Performances took place at the Conference Hall of the Council of Federation and in the Central House of Cinema in Moscow. They were accompanied by exhibitions of the crafts and traditional decorative arts, paintings, carvings and photos.
•	
The decree of the President of the Russian Federation "On the Structure of the Federal Bodies of the Executive Authority", which contains among other measures the abolishment of the State Committee for Environmental Protection, has surprised many and may have a significant impact on indigenous peoples' issues in Russia. Please find below reprints of two newspaper articles which comment on the event. The text of the decree is reprinted on the subsequent page.	-- The Editor

Putin Abolishes Russia's Lone Environmental Agency

Washington Post Foreign Service, May 23, 2000

MOSCOW, May 22 –– President Vladimir Putin has abolished Russia's lone agency for environmental protection, triggering protests that he has turned his back on post-Soviet Russia's bulging inventory of pollution disasters. 
	In a decree made public over the weekend, without elaboration, Putin wiped out the State Committee on the Environment, as well as the State Committee on Forestry. Their functions were transferred to the Ministry on Natural Resources, which licenses development of Russia's oil, natural gas and other deposits.
	It was the latest signal that Putin takes a dim view of those who call attention to Russia's ecological plight. Earlier, Putin said that foreign spies use environmentalists as cover. Several leading Russian environmental activists and researchers have been targets of investigation by the security service.
	Putin's decree abolishing the environmental agency was unexpected. "What can I say? We were really surprised," said Vladimir Kadochnikov, deputy chairman of the ecology committee in the State Duma, the lower house of parliament.
	"It was demolished," said Alexei Yablokov, who was once environmental adviser to President Boris Yeltsin and is now a leading activist. Yablokov said the decision reflects a deep-seated philosophy in the Kremlin that the environment is not important. "It's an absolutely primitive point of view," he added, "that we need to solve the economic problems and later the environment, that ecology is only for a rich country."
	Yablokov and several other scientists informally gave Putin a letter in protest today at the annual meeting of the Russian Academy of Sciences. "I will think about it," Putin replied, Yablokov recalled.
	The abolished agency, once a ministry, was downgraded under Yeltsin. Yablokov said it had grown "extremely weak" in recent years.
	Russia's environmental troubles, which have been increasingly well documented, include radioactive contamination from Soviet-era nuclear weapons plants and submarines; high levels of lead pollution from smelters; and a host of health disasters, such as the spread of tuberculosis.
	Putin's decree, made public Saturday, trimmed five state agencies, four federal ministries and three federal services in what appeared to be a budget-cutting move.

Russian environment agency abolished

Putin's move to slim down government criticised by OECD, environmental groups

ENDS Daily, May 23, 2000

Russia's last remaining national environmental protection agency has been abolished by president Vladimir Putin as part of a wide-ranging governmental shake-up. The move has been deplored not only by NGOs, but also by officials of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), which recently urged Russia to strengthen its federal environmental authorities.
	Mr Putin formally took office earlier this month after winning March elections and announced his new government over the weekend. Changes include an overhaul of Russia's federal system and abolition of some five state agencies, four federal ministries and three federal services, among them the State Committeefor environmental protection (SCEP).
	SCEP's demise marks a second major loss of status for Russian environmental policy-making in four years - it replaced the federal environment ministry when this was abolished in 1996. Its responsibilities are now to be taken over by the ministry of natural resources, whose main role is licensing of Russia's vast fossil fuel and mineral resources.
	The committee's abolition has been criticised by environmental specialists in the OECD, which last year described Russian environmental policy-making as in crisis and called for the status and responsibilities of federal environmental authorities to be enhanced (ENDS Daily 10 December 1999).
	It was a "short sighted" policy, Brendan Gillespie of the OECD's environment division told ENDS Daily today, because "all our experience" suggested that pushing for economic growth first while ignoring the environment would lead to greater costs in the long run. Mr Putin "appears to be falling into the trap," said Mr Gillespie. Russia needed effective environmental institutions so that restructuring and renewed economic growth could happen in an environmentally acceptable way, he commented.
	Greenpeace Russia has also expressed dismay at the development, saying yesterday that it deprived the population of "a basic right" and left the country "defenceless against the armada of industrialists and businessmen who impudently rob the country of its natural resources". The group today organised a joint press conference with the former SCEP chairman to ram home its message.

Decree of the President of the Russian Federation 
"On the Structure of the Federal Bodies of the Executive Authority" 

"With the view to form the effective structure of the federal bodies of the executive authority, according to Article 112 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the federal Constitutional law “On the government of the Russian Federation,” I decree: 
1. To confirm the enclosed structure of the federal bodies of the executive authority. 
2. To abolish: The Ministry for the affairs of the Commonwealth of the Independent States; the Ministry for Science and Technology; the Ministry for Commerce; Economy Ministry; the State Committee for the Problems of the North; the State Committee for Land Policy; the State Committee for Cinematography; the State Committee for Environmental Protection; the State Committee for the Problems of Youth; the Federal Service of Air Transport of Russia; the Federal Migration Department; the Federal Department of Russia for Currency and Export Control; the Russian Road Agency. 
3. To form: The Ministry for Economic Development and Commerce of Russia having delegated to it a part of the functions of the abolished Ministries for the Affairs of CIS, Commerce, Economy, the State Committee for the Problems of the North; the Federal Service for Currency and Export Control and reformed Ministry for Physical Training, Sport and Tourism; the Ministry of Industry, Science and Technologies having delegated to it the functions of the abolished Ministry of Science and Technologies and also a part of the functions of the abolished Ministries for Commerce and Economy; the Federal Service of the Land-Survey having delegated to it a part of the functions of the abolished State Committee for Land Policy. 
4. To delegate: to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs a part of the functions of the abolished Ministry for the Affairs of CIS; to the Ministry of Culture the functions of the abolished State Committee for Cinematography; to the Ministry of Education the functions of the abolished State Committee for the Problems of Youth; to the Ministry of Natural Resources the functions of the abolished State Committee for Environmental Protection and Federal Service of Forestry; to the Transport Ministry the functions of the abolished Federal Service of Air Transport and Road Agency; to the Finance Ministry a part of the functions of the abolished Federal Service for Currency and Export Control. 
5. To reform: The Ministry of State Property to the Ministry privity having delegated to it a part of the functions of the abolished State Committee for Land Policy; the Ministry of Physical Training, Sport and Tourism to the State Committee for Physical Training, Sport and Tourism; the Ministry for Affairs of the Federation and Nationalities to the Ministry for the Affairs of Federation, National and Migration Policy having delegated to it a part of the functions of the abolished Federal Migration Service and a part of the functions of the abolished State Committee for the Problems of the North; the Agriculture and Food Ministry to the Ministry for Agriculture; the Ministry of Fuel and Energy to the Ministry of Energy. The State Courier Service attached to the Government of Russia to the State Courier Service; the Federal Service for Special Building attached to the Government to the Federal Service of Special Building. 
6. To determine that the Chairman of Government has 5 deputies including the Deputy Chairman of the Government - Minister of Agriculture and Deputy Chairman of the Government - Finance Minister. 
7. To determine that the co-ordination of the work of the federal ministers, heads of other federal bodies of the executive authority and the control over their activity are realized by the Chairman of the Government and his deputies according to the allocation of the responsibilities between the deputies Chairman of the Government. To determine that in case the Chairman of the Government is absent temporally, the fulfilment of his responsibilities is laid upon one of his deputies according to the allocation of the responsibilities. 
8. The government of Russia is to allocate the functions of the abolished federal bodies of the executive authority depending on the Clauses of the present decree within a month; to confirm the instructions about the newly formed and reformed federal bodies of the executive authority within 2 months; to confirm the ultimate number and the wage fund of the members of the central staff of the federal bodies of the executive authority within a month; to provide for the holding of the liquidation procedures and rendering the facilities and compensations to the dismissed members according to the legislation of Russia; to submit the proposals on the introduction of the corresponding alterations to the acts of the President about the federal bodies of the executive authority within a month; to bring the acts into accord with the present decree. 
9. The Chief state and legal department of the President is to submit the proposals on bringing the acts of the President into accord with the present decree within 2 months. 
10. The present decree comes into effect from the date of its publishing."

Decree no. 867, signed on 17 May 2000

International Workshop on Key Problems of the Indigenous Peoples of the Russian North: Conclusions And Recommendations

RAIPON, Moscow, 17-18 September, 1999

The International Workshop on Key Problems of the Indigenous Peoples of the Russian North was organised by the International Arctic Science Committee, the Russian Association of Indigenous Peoples of the North (RAIPON) and the Russian Academy of Sciences, with the support and active participation of the Russian Ministry of Regional Policy (restored now as the State Committee of Russian Federation for Northern Affairs). The workshop coincided with, and was coordinated with, the Third Summit of Arctic Leaders (Associations and Organisations of Indigenous Peoples of the North) that took place on September 14-16 and was dedicated to health problems faced by indigenous peoples with special attention to the Russian North, Siberia and the Far East. This timing provided a unique opportunity to fully integrate the representatives of regional RAIPON branches into the workshop. There was also an opportunity for the foreign guests to participate in the workshop’s discussions.
Workshop organisers forwarded the following research topics for discussion:
1) Legal regulation of natural resource use and land tenure in areas where indigenous peoples of the North live.
2) Analysis of socio-economic conditions and their impact on the livelihood of indigenous peoples.
3) Physiological and psychological aspects of alcoholism and the modern methods used to combat negative social tendencies.
The objectives of the workshop were to:
1) Analyze current conditions using materials gathered in the field;
2) Assess leading, currently used approaches to look for ways to reduce underlying causes of the problems discussed at the workshop;
3) Identify issues requiring additional methodological and scientific research and to suggest approaches to solve these problems at both the federal and regional levels.
A total of 112 people, including 33 foreigners, participated in the workshop. The Russian Academy of Sciences was represented by members from Moscow, St-Petersburg, Syktyvkar, Irkutsk, Vladivostok, Magadan, Murmansk, Norilsk and Yakutsk. Regions were extremely well represented as well. In addition to regional branches of RAIPON, the workshop's organising committee also invited land tenure and natural resource use specialists to the summit. Physicians, lawyers, and teachers whose professional activities are directly linked to the problems (legal, employment, health, education and culture) faced by indigenous peoples were also invited. Scientists from the USA, Canada, Norway, Denmark, and Finland were among the foreign participants. These countries also sent representatives from both their federal and regional level administrative structures, people who are responsible for making decisions affecting native peoples.
	The workshop participants remarked on how well the workshop discussions were organised. Four plenary reports had the form of a draft decree, and those present were introduced to the range of issues to be discussed. All those present were give a chance to make a presentation, ask questions and obtain answers. High quality, professional, synchronic translation made it possible for all participants to engage one another during the two-day workshop.
DISCUSSION TOPIC ONE
The following issues were discussed in the context of discussion topic one:
a) Relations between local and federal authorities on land tenure and natural resource use issues;
b) Appropriate legal measures to protect the most important natural resource use rights of indigenous peoples of the north;
c) Directive on the legal status of associations of indigenous peoples of the North and the law on representative bodies that are legally binding;
d) Development of conciliatory and contract terms;
e) Effectiveness of foreign legislation to resolve problems faced by indigenous peoples of the North and their adaptation to Russian conditions.
Regional RAIPON representatives made presentations on the most acute problems in their regions, districts, and villages affecting the lives of indigenous peoples.
	Based on a discussion of these issues, the workshop participants identified the following areas that are in need of special scientific study:
1) Assess the current conceptual basis of, and develop new terms and criteria for, determining the ethnic affiliation of individuals to specific groups of Russian peoples that are currently designated as "indigenous peoples of the North", in accordance with Russian experience and international practice; this should include standardization of the terms used in legal acts regulating the activities of this group of the populace.
2) Standardize the term "territory of traditional nature use" (TTP) by establishing a conceptual basis for this kind of territory: status of TTP and the rights of indigenous peoples of the North; the procedure for defining boundaries and for changing possession; acceptable types of economic activities; management principles; ethnic composition.
3) Develop model projects emphasizing sustainable, ethno-ecological territories and models for self-management bodies for indigenous peoples of the North in view of the historical, socio-economic, cultural and regional features of their life-style.
4) Support establishment of an Indigenous Training Law Institute in the Russian Federation. The objective of this initiative is to promote the implementation of existing laws and to ensure the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples in the Russian Federation by providing training, textbooks, and exchange visits. 
The TTP should be considered the basic land holding for indigenous peoples of the North and it is essential to introduce this term into several laws at once. Even more daunting is the task of putting the procedure into practice. The most immediate and demanding issue is coming up with a scientific formulation for the very notion of a TTP and a single procedure for using these holdings in all areas where indigenous peoples of the North live. This research is also connected to the question of integrating scientific and traditional knowledge on nature use and requires obligatory follow-up ethno-ecological monitoring. The workshop's discussion of the legal status, as well as other aspects of the TTP question, showed that there are large differences in views and approaches on the issue of how to resolve land tenure among indigenous peoples of the North. Scientists and local specialists expressed contradictory, and often conflicting views on the topic.
	Further study is needed to prepare materials for federal laws on "Lands for Traditional Nature Use" and on "Reindeer Herding", as well as to prepare comments and other legal acts for already existing Russian Federation laws "On Guarantees of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples", on "Production Sharing Agreements", "On Minerals", as well as for inclusion in all the charters of autonomous regions and other Federation relations on whose land live indigenous peoples of the North.
DISCUSSION TOPIC TWO
The second discussion topic - living conditions and quality of life – highlighted the continuing decline in the quality of life and a sharp worsening of all demographic indicators. A decline in the life span, especially among indigenous males, and an increase in suicides among young and middle age people are also observed.
	Extremely unfavorable socio-economic conditions for indigenous peoples of the North serve as a basis for these negative trends. The workshop participants developed a basic list of research on circumpolar living conditions for indigenous peoples. A first step is international scientific research planned by RAIPON together with foreign researchers on the Kola Peninsula and on Chukotka.
	In their report, RAIPON pointed out that the declines observed among indigenous peoples of the North cannot be explained by unfavorable socio-economic factors alone. The reason is more obviously the continuing degraded state of other aspects of society that are having an impact on the way of life of people of the North. The workshop's foreign participants pointed out that the problem is significantly more complex than often thought and that it cannot simply be explained away by impoverished economic conditions. Suicide remains a serious problem even in those Acrtic countries (USA, Canada, Greenland, Scandinavian countries) where land tenure for indigenous peoples has been resolved and where federal financial support is provided to address underlying causes. In this context, the issue of "Ethno-Sociological and Psychological Reasons for the Growth in Suicide among Indigenous Peoples of the North" requires special research that would be best carried out through joint scientific efforts from Arctic countries.
	Changes in diet have a negative impact on northern peoples. The result of government policy and market oriented structures is that unfamiliar food products are being foisted on indigenous peoples when at the same unjustified restrictions in the use of a traditional diet - fish, wild game, birds and marine mammals - are being put into place. This has a pernicious impact upon the health of indigenous peoples, their resistance to illnesses, on the adaptive capacities of the organism to deal with extreme natural and climatic conditions. This problem is so vital to preserving the health of current and future generations of indigenous peoples that the scientific study of their nutritional needs  must be a part of any study of the conditions affecting the way of life of indigenous population and is an area that requires special research.
	The collapse of traditional economic activities and the shift of a part of the indigenous population, especially young people, to urban settings are at the root of a number of social and economic problems. One problem is that indigenous peoples have trouble finding work in non-traditional areas. It is the opinion of the workshop participants that it is essential to conduct research to advance new views among indigenous peoples on their position in modern society and the economy, with an orientation on the need for both a renaissance and adaptation of traditional economic areas, and on opportunities to find a satisfying lot in life. This research should lead to radical changes in social policy at the regional and local levels, and also to new understandings that will help in finding ways to solicit federal financial support.
	The issues of living conditions and alcoholism are closely related and combining them for discussion at one workshop provided an opportunity for various specialists to present their views on this complex problem. The problem of alcohol abuse in Russian society is a generally known fact, however, this problem is also very acute in other countries and so it is expedient to combine the efforts of scientists and specialists of various countries to work on ways to reduce the impacts of alcohol abuse on indigenous peoples.

DISCUSSION TOPIC THREE
The third topic at the workshop was dedicated to a discussion of alcoholic abuse and the specific features of this illness among the indigenous peoples of the North. Workshop participants supported the view that the problem is extremely important both as a medical and a psychological issue. It is paramount that scientists find out more about the results of various programs being carried out to combat alcoholism. The assessment made by practicing physicians and scientists was to recommend a further exchange of opinions to make programs more effective. Coercive hypnotism and vitaminization of food products as methods to combat alcoholism are viewed in different way by native peoples, especially when the results of psychological methods have a more successful and long lasting effect. A close tie between alcoholism and increasing incidents of suicide and violent death was shown. This problem, in the opinion of the Russian and foreign participants, requires further comparative study in different parts of Russian Federation and abroad. Simultaneously, research on exclusively medical aspects of the disease must be accompanied by study of a broad spectrum of social and economic issues: employment and unemployment, social position and political status, the freedom, on the one hand, to express ones ethnic-cultural heritage while, on the other, the ability to adapt to the new demands of life, a claim to individuality in society, etc. Only an integrated, systemic study of chronic and universal tendencies will put society on track. All that can be confirmed for the time being is that there is a rather simplified understanding of what is an extremely complex issue and that there is a limited understanding of the real reasons underlying alcohol abuse. So the issue "Socio-Political and Medical-Biological Aspects of Alcoholism Among Peoples of the North: Comparative Research in Arctic Countries" was acknowledged by workshop participants as an urgent topic that needs the active involvement of scientists of various countries.
Aside from planned activities, the workshop participants raised and discussed other key problems facing indigenous peoples of the North.
	Workshop participants showed concern for what is an obvious lack of legal aid in the regions where indigenous peoples live. There are great difficulties, both financial and in terms of a shortage of qualified legal personnel capable of defending indigenous peoples' rights. Two suggestions were made to remedy that situation.
	Firstly, there is a distinct need to issue a guidebook on current legislation affecting indigenous peoples, on their rights and responsibilities. Such a guidebook should contain commentary that makes it easier for indigenous peoples to understand and use laws in their daily lives. Involvement of foreign legal experts capable of providing commentary on practical implementation of analogous laws in the countries where they practice was broadly encouraged. The commentaries should contain examples of problems and how they are resolved based on experiences implementing the law. Such a guidebook would have an enormous impact in the field.
	It is RAIPON’s opinion that a section of the guidebook should contain specific examples of violations on indigenous peoples’ rights and recommendations on protecting the interests of victims.
	Secondly, a center for the protection of indigenous peoples' rights should be created to provide consultation on current issues, to litigate to protect the rights of indigenous peoples and to train legal experts in skills necessary to deal with the needs of indigenous peoples. Ms. Irina Degtyar', Head of the Department of Indigenous Peoples of the North (Goskomsever), supported this idea and suggested that federal financial support be started at the early stage with an eventual shift to self-financing. "Ecojuris," a law office already litigating to defend the rights of indigenous peoples, was acknowledged and earned high praise and support. The firm’s opportunities are, however, very limited and is unable to satisfy all the demands of indigenous peoples for legal aid.
	In RAIPON’s opinion it is critically important that a center for legal aid for indigenous peoples be an association, whose creation and activities be carried out as part of the RAIPON program and be under its leadership. Only in such a case will its activities be maximally effective. 
	Industrial disturbance and environmental pollution found in several regions has not only made traditional economic activities impossible, it has also created serious living problems for the indigenous peoples of the north living on these lands. Ecological research to assess the impact of environmental changes on the lives of indigenous peoples should be conducted and a system of compensation payments to communities to restore the environment in their natural habitats (in part, carry out the re-cultivation of lands and the organisation of new forms of economic activities) could be an outcome of such research.
	Thirdly, based on the materials presented in the RAIPON report, it was convincingly demonstrated that resolving the problems of indigenous peoples of the North, including nature and non-nature use on land-use territories, cannot be successfully carried out without significant improvements in the physical and psychological health of the population.
	Given rapidly declining general health in Russia, research must be conducted in the area of health protection and developing medical methods to identify and overcome illness given certain physical conditions (distance of the population; its scattered and dispersed nature; migratory way of life; the lack of hospitals and field clinics). An acute need to develop and legitimize a new concept of health protection for the people of the North is needed. RAIPON identifies the following three practical need areas:
1) Create and organise in district and regional centers integrated mobile medical units with diagnostic, preventive health and treatment capabilities to service indigenous people. The aim will be to eventually transfer these facilities to the authority of a single federal service responsible to protect health and provide treatment for indigenous peoples of the North.
Mobile medical units that currently exist where indigenous peoples live are very ineffective or do not operate at all for a variety of regional reasons. The main reasons are a lack of understanding of their role and significance, the narrow range of their capacities, inadequate gear and financing, the lack of a full range of specialists and organisational miscalculations.
2) Create a single federal service for protecting the health of people on territories of traditional nature use and of indigenous peoples of the North.
3) Create a health center for indigenous peoples of the North as part of RAIPON to gather positive experiences, treatment and preventive medical procedures, and information on a healthy life-style and sport to be distributed where indigenous peoples of the North live.
The international workshop recommends, as priority scientific projects, types of research that will promote improvements in socio-economic conditions, health and civil rights status: 
 1) Analyze the current conceptual basis, and develop new terms and criteria, for determining the ethnic affiliation of individuals to a specific group of Russian peoples currently designated as "indigenous peoples of the North", in accordance with Russian experience and international practice; standardization of terms used in legal acts regulating the activities of this group of the populace.
 2) Standardize the term "territory of traditional nature use" (TTP) by establishing the conceptual basis for this kind of territory: status of TTP and the rights of indigenous peoples of the North; the procedure for defining boundaries and for changing possession; acceptable types of economic activities; management principles; ethnic composition.
3) Develop model projects emphasizing sustainable, ethno-ecological territories and models for self-management bodies for indigenous peoples of the North in view of the historical, socio-economic, cultural and regional features of their livelihood.
4) Analysis of the impact of environmental changes on the health of the indigenous peoples of the North. Economic and legal rationale for developing financing mechanisms that compensate indigenous peoples of the North that conduct a traditional way of life for the losses incurred from seizure of lands, from environmental pollution and from destruction of traditional ways of life.
5) Contemporary tendencies in the creation of new views on one’s position in society and in the economy that direct indigenous peoples of the North toward both a renaissance and adaptation of traditional areas of economic activity, and toward participation in other areas of economic activity.
6) Socio-political and medical-biological aspects of alcoholism among indigenous peoples of the North; comparative research in Arctic countries.
7) Ethno-sociological and psychological reasons for the growth in suicidal behavior among indigenous peoples of the North. 
8) Traditional and non-traditional methods of preventing and curing alcoholism: study of its ethno-sociological and ethno-psychological roots; develop effective approaches to preventing this problem in regions where indigenous peoples of the North live since it is a basic obstacle to their future development.
9) Determine the basic health indicators for indigenous peoples of the North with the goal of defining, in stages, federal and regional criteria for developing and implementing a program of health measures.
In making proposals to develop measures to protect the health of indigenous peoples of the North, the workshop also recommends that the latter two points, numbers eight and nine, be combined into a single bloc and examined in the context of a special medical program. In addition to these two scientific projects, the following should also be included:
10) Research on living conditions in all regions inhabited by indigenous peoples of the North.
11) Ecological research on territories of traditional nature use with the goal of identifying radionuclides, heavy metals, other harmful substances and to determine their degree and levels in humans.
12) Research on the aetiology and pathogeny for tuberculosis among individuals engaged in reindeer herding and other traditional branches of the economy to develop and introduce effective methods for diagnosing and additionally studying the disease where patients live on a full time basis.
13) Develop portable X-ray equipment and other portable medical equipment for the remote Northern regions.
14) Scientifically based nutritional needs in the current diet of indigenous peoples. 
This is a list of priority scientific projects that have the support of the State Committee of the Russian Federation for North Affairs (Goskomsever) and Russian Association of Indigenous Peoples of the North (RAIPON).
	At the same time, RAIPON believes that these and any other research on problems of peoples of the North should be carried out in full cooperation with the Association.
	The organisers and workshop participants are appealing to various organisations with a request to provide financial support to carry out this research.

__________________________________________________________________________________________

Re. Question no. F 33	Motion no. V 88

The Danish Parliament (Folketing) 1999-2000
Motion to carry
(May 4th 2000)

Proposed by Hans Pavia Rosing (S),  Ellen Kristensen (V),  Per Stig Møller (KF),  Margrete Auken (SF),  Peter Skaarup (DF),  Ebbe Kalnæs (CD),  Inger Marie Bruun-Vierø (RV),  Keld Albrechtsen (EL), Jann Sjursen (KRF), and Tom Behnke (FRI):
‘The Parliament welcomes the plans to revise its “Strategy for Danish Support to Indigenous Peoples” of July 1994 in connection with a revision of “Partnership 2000”, the overall strategy for Danish development aassistance. 
‘The Parliament considers it of the utmost importance that Denmark retain its position at the cutting edge of progress with regard to policies and legislation concerning indigenous people, a position for which the basis has already been established via the abovementioned Strategy. Parliament expects that this line of policy be maintained in a revised Strategy.
‘The Parliament stresses the importance of Denmark’s continued active policy to further and promote the social and economic circumstances of indigenous people, and urges the Government 
•	to continue its close collaboration with the Greenland Home Rule Government, as well as with indigenous peoples’ international organisations, in order that Denmark may be placed at the very front regarding the national and multilateral work for indigenous people within the framework of the UN Decade for Indigenous People;
•	to continue its efforts to promote the adoption in the UN of the World Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples at the earliest possible date, as well as to assure the creation of a Permanent Forum for Indigenous Peoples;
•	to continue the endeavour to involve the Nordic countries and the EU partners in a joint formulation of a policy based on the Danish Strategy, and;
•	to assure the access to support for indigenous people in countries that are not in the usual sense considered development countries (within the context of development aid programmes), and in this connection to make possible that Danish aid to indigenous people in Central and Eastern Europe be given a higher priority.’

The motion was carried by 106 votes; nobody voted ‘no’, and nobody abstained.

The International Public Fund for support to economic and social development of the Northern indigenous peoples (Fund NIP) approached the ANSIPRA Secretariat with the request to publish the following project proposal in order to find sponsors. We would like to urge persons with potential interest in sponsoring marketing projects in Russia to study the proposal and contact the authors or the ANSIPRA Secretariat. The proposal has been worked out with the participation of indigenous peoples' representatives at RAIPON. 	--The Editor

Project “REINDEER”

Stage 2: 
Marketing research on reindeer products in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District
with the aim to increase employment and well-being of the northern indigenous population 

Implementing organisation: International Public Fund for support to economic and social development of the northern indigenous peoples (Fund NIP)
Supporting organisations: Administration of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, Union of Reindeer Herders of Russia.
Term of project completion: 2 years
The sum sought from financing organisation: 
	US$ 57,684

1. SUMMARY
Fund NIP (the International Public Fund for support to economic and social development of the Northern indigenous peoples) considers as one of its major tasks assistance to development of traditional branches of the northern indigenous peoples' economy, including promoting their goods on the Russian and international markets.
	Through Project "Reindeer", the Fund NIP plans to use the existing reindeer farm in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District as a base for the development of a pilot enterprise for complex processing of reindeer products, including not only meat and skin, but also deer velvet, sinew, endocrines and enzymes. The project could serve as a model for similar initiatives elsewhere in the Russian North, eventually reviving and raising the standard of reindeer herding throughout the region. 
	The first stage of the project, in which the necessity of a network of reindeer processing facilities was shown, has been completely executed and paid for by Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District (YNAD) administration. Its full cost was 22,400 US dollars.
	Marketing research on reindeer products, including the analysis of the consumers, competitors and market environment, will be an important part of the project. Marketing analysis will allow the determination of optimum volumes of production, and costs and profit in conditions of an economically competitive environment.
	Implementation of the second stage of the “Reindeer” project will require 57,684 US dollars.

2. PROBLEM DESCRIPTION
The indigenous population of the Russian North now totals about 200,000 and consists of 30 peoples who lead a traditional, nomadic way of life. They represent 2 % of the entire population of these regions. They live in places they have traditionally inhabited and lead a way of life based on traditional economic and land use patterns. The Soviet policy of accelerated industrial assimilation of the Russian North and intensive integration of the indigenous peoples in a unified national economic system resulted in the loss of many elements of traditional material and spiritual culture. The hasty and unreasoned realization of market reforms of the last decade severely affected the northern indigenous peoples, destroying a system of welfare that included economic support to reindeer herding which traditionally has been a subsistence basis for the majority of these peoples. As a result of these reforms, the northern domestic reindeer herd was reduced from 2,260,000 head in 1992 to 1,415,100 head in 1998 (even lower than the pre-war level), which severely endangered the cultural survival of these indigenous groups. This has been accompanied by a sharp decrease in employment and standard of living among northern indigenous peoples. Between 1992 and 1997 the rate of unemployment among the aboriginal population was multiplied 7.9 times, while the average of Russia was 3.5 times. 
	The subsistence economy of these peoples traditionally comprised a combination of reindeer herding, fishing, hunting and gathering of wild fruits and plants.
	Prior to the 20th century the Russian Empire chose a policy of indirect management of the northern indigenous people: the authorities collected Yasak (State Tax) but did not interfere with their everyday life. Up to the beginning of the 20th century the natives of the Siberian North managed to preserve their cultural uniqueness, including their traditional economy and social organisation.
	The 20th century, however, was marked by a national policy that aimed to enforce the incorporation of indigenous peoples in the wider process of the country's development. The principal phases of this policy were: the campaign against illiteracy in the 1920s, formation of national districts in the 1920s-40s, collectivization in the 1930s, transition to a sedentary lifestyle in the 1950s, rapid industrialization in the 1950s-60s, and incorporation into the wider market economy in the 1990s.
	The positive effects of this policy included the development of written languages for all indigenous peoples, state education, welfare programmes, and the establishment of nature reserves and other protected areas. 
	At the end of 1980s, the indigenous peoples of the North joined the country's democratic transformations. All-union and regional associations of indigenous peoples were established; in 1993 these were transformed into the current Association of the Indigenous Peoples of the North, Siberia and Far East of the Russian Federation (RAIPON). Parliamentarians elected from the indigenous peoples of the North actively participated in shaping Russian legislation.
	The transfer of Russia's economy to market rails had the hardest impacts on the aboriginal peoples of the North. Cuts in the budgets of public health, culture and welfare services has resulted in disastrous effects on their socio-economic position. Attempts of the state to correct the situation by establishing Goskomsever (State Committee for the Development of the North), with the prime task of developing state programmes to support the aboriginal population, have been obviously insufficient. Compounding difficulties, the activities of Goskomsever were seriously hindered by endless reorganisations and transfers of its functions from one to another ministry. Finally, in 1994 financial support for the traditional economy was stopped.
	Against a backdrop of a nation-wide economic crisis, government measures have been inadequate to address the regional crisis of the North. Only 5-10 % of budgets for national and regional development programmes is actually financed, and this has very little influence on the plight of Northern indigenous peoples. 
	As has been seen in Europe, Asia and Australia, the practice of "helping backward people" to join "civilized people" does not yield favourable outcomes, regardless of the funds allocated to the endeavour. Such attempts inevitably result in the destruction of cultural and economic bases of traditional societies.
	One realistic and effective strategy for ensuring the well-being of the indigenous peoples of North, and the continuation of their unique ways of life is the development of traditional branches of their economy in their traditional residence areas.
	The experience of Norway and Finland in assisting Saami reindeer herding development with the use of modern processing technology and marketing has shown that herding can serve as the basic life-support of the natives, ensuring an acceptable standard of living. Reindeer herding farms in New Zealand and Canada have done well for themselves, seizing a good share of Southeast Asian markets with reindeer products used as raw materials in traditional Eastern medicine. These examples should be used as role models to increase profitability of Russian reindeer herding.

3. IMPLEMENTING ORGANISATION
This situation outlined above induced a number of former employees of federal departments which were involved with the northern indigenous peoples to initiate the establishment of the International Public Fund for support to social and economic development of the Northern indigenous peoples (Fund NIP).
	Fund NIP is a non-governmental, noncommercial, and voluntary organisation of citizens concerned about the position of the northern indigenous peoples and aiming to promote a revival of their traditional economy and culture.
	One of the main founders of the Fund is the Association of the Indigenous Peoples of North, Siberia and Far East of the Russian Federation (RAIPON); the association has 50 % of the votes on the Board of the Fund. In practice, the Association determines priorities, implements political management, and carries out interregional and international coordination. The Fund, on the other hand, organises implementation of scheduled projects and measures directed toward socio-economic development of the Northern indigenous peoples, protection of their rights, revival of traditional economy, and solidifying international cooperation in the Arctic Region,
	The Chairman of the Board of the Fund is Mr. P. Ch. Zaidfoudim, doctor of biological sciences and until 1998 the first deputy chairman of the State Committee of the Russian Federation on Problems of Northern Development (Goskomsever). The General Director of the Fund is Mr. S. Dorjinkevich, who served as the deputy chief of the department of the indigenous peoples in Goskomsever until 1998. All other leading Fund personnel have long experience in responsible posts in official bodies connected with the development of the economy of the Russian North.
	The Fund NIP has been in practical operation since April 1998. Since then it has prepared a number of project proposals at the request of the Northern indigenous communities.
	The Fund cooperates with the International Arctic Scientific Committee (IASC), jointly developing some projects.
	Giving special attention to problems of environmental protection, the Fund is now undertaking a project to utilize barrels from fuel and lubricating materials (in the Russian Arctic there are some hundreds of thousands of empty barrels). The Fund is also carrying out a project involving the use of non-traditional renewable power sources in the Koryak Autonomous District (Kamchatka) with the aim of maintaining a stable power supply and decreasing contamination of the environment. 

4. PROJECT "REINDEER": GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
The aim of the project is an improvement of the well-being of the northern indigenous population, including increasing their employment, by developing complex processing of reindeer products and marketing these products. The entire project consists of three stages.
Stage 1 of the project, a substantiation of the necessity of reindeer products processing units in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District (YNAD), has already been carried out:
1. Current condition of the northern reindeer herd and current processing standards and methods in YNAD.
2. Types of required processing units.
3. Routes of reindeer herds to processing units.
4. The scheme of an optimum disposition of processing units in the district, taking into account current reindeer farm locations, seasonal routes of herds and slaughter and processing sites.
5. Potential of endocrine and enzyme raw materials.
6. Possibilities for wild reindeer hunting, including organisation of wild reindeer processing units.
A copy of the report can be obtained from the Fund NIP.
Stage 2 consists of  marketing research on reindeer products. As an outcome of this research, a report with concrete recommendations for the following problems will be prepared:
1. Formulating a list of reindeer products which have a stable demand in external and internal markets.
2. Behavior analysis of consumers, competitors and the market environment.
3. Use of modern technologies for reindeer products processing, drawing from the experience of Norway, Finland, New Zealand and Canada.
4. Competitiveness evaluation of the products and the measures to increase it.
5. Determination of optimum volume of production to ensure profitability.
The marketing report will contain the data necessary for the development of a pilot project of the enterprise.
Stage 3 is the development of the pilot enterprise for complex processing of reindeer products. On the basis of the stage 2 report, the following measures will be undertaken:
1. Preparation of a refurbishment plan for the existing enterprise with the aim of full use of raw materials and increase of production.
2. Development of the pilot enterprise to process a full range of reindeer products.
2.1. On a tender basis a contractor will be chosen to deliver, mount and start-up newly purchased equipment, as well as to train reindeer-processing workers in the maintenance and use of the equipment.
2.2. For an initial period of one year, an advisor will provide ongoing assistance to the pilot project, particularly to the enterprise's managers, with respect to production and marketing.
3. Rendering assistance to the pilot enterprise regarding the organisation of production and product sales with the aim of ensuring its profitability.
The budget of the third stage and the structure of the working group for its implementation will be determined by results of work on the second stage of the project. 

5. STAGE 2: MARKETING RESEARCH
Stage 2 is the part of project for which funding is presently being applied. The time frame is two years from the start of this stage of the project.

5.1. Personnel
To implement the second stage of the project, Fund NIP will form an international working group consisting of:
•	a representative of the Fund who will serve as project coordinator, 
•	an expert in marketing,
•	an expert in the processing of reindeer products, 
•	a representative of the reindeer enterprise.

5.2 Research issues
1. The working group will conduct research on the reindeer products market, focusing on the following:
•	Reindeer products which have a stable demand in the internal and external markets,
•	The consumers, competitors and market environment;
•	Competitiveness of products;
•	Optimum volume of production, ensuring profitability of work;
•	Basic data necessary for preparation of the third stage of the project.
2. The group will study world practice and technology in reindeer products processing, in particular in Norway, Finland, Canada and New Zealand, focusing on the following issues:
•	Modern technological and processing advances in reindeer husbandry, in Russia and in Scandinavia and New Zealand;
•	Assessing the potential for making use of the contacts and infrastructure forged by New Zealand deer herding firms in the markets of Southeast Asia;
•	Formulation of concrete and specific recommendations for revitalizing reindeer husbandry as a whole, and in particular for ensuring the success of  the proposed pilot project;
•	Recommendations on modern technological equipment, from slaughtering through delivery of products to the consumer, on the basis of profitability of the whole process.
3. The group will select according to the recommendations of the Reindeer Herders Union of Russia a representative reindeer herding enterprise which will be developed as the pilot project.
4. The group will conduct a marketing analysis of goods produced by the selected enterprise, and will develop recommendations for realizing the necessary measures to increase profitability.

5.3. Output
On the basis of the assembled information the group will prepare a report, which will consist of two parts:
A: The general review of products processing problems of the whole deer herding branch and its market;
B: Evaluation of the reindeer herding enterprise selected to serve as the pilot project, elaboration of the recommendations on the extension of its products list, and appropriate refurbishment of processing production.
The report will contain basic data necessary for development of the pilot project of the enterprise (stage 3).

5.4. Monitoring of the project
1. The management of the Fund NIP will monitor and re-evaluate the implementation through quarterly meetings of the participants. 
2. The leader of the working group at the end of each year of the project will prepare general and financial reports and present them to sponsoring organisations and interested state departments.
3. At the end of the second stage of the project the leader of working group prepares:
- A full report on the work made;
- Selected reports and publications prepared during the project;
- A financial report.

5.5. Budget 
see separate page 

6. FUTURE FUNDING (Stage 3)
1. The successful implementation of the second stage of the project will create an economic interest in financing the third stage of the project.
2. It is assumed that the main financing of the third stage of the project will be executed on a commercial credit basis.
3. The necessity and volume of the financial donor participation in financing the third stage will be determined by the results of the second stage.
4. The implementation of the third stage of the project will be entrusted to Fund NIP.

7. CONTACT INFORMATION:

International Public Fund for Support to Economic and Social Development of the Northern Indigenous Peoples 
(Международный общественный фонд содействия экономическому и социальному развитию коренных народов Севера)

Contact persons:
Pavel Kh. Zaidfudim (Зайдфудим Павел Х.), Chairman of the Board
Stanislav I. Dorzhinkevich (Доржинкевич Станислав И.), General Director

Address:
RUS-117415 Moscow (Москва), Pr. Vernadskogo 37, building 2 (пр. Вернадского, 37, корп. 2)

phone: (+7) 095 938 9534
fax: (+7) 095 930 4628
e-mail: founip@dol.ru

5.5. Budget (in US$)

5.5.1. PERSONNEL

SALARIES AND WAGES

Quantity	Post	Salary
$ /month	Duration
(months)	Total	 Obtained	Sought	
1 (75%)	Leader	300		2700	0	2700	
1	Marketing expert	250	12	3000	0	3000	
1	Processing expert	250	12	3000	0	3000	
1 (25%)	Representative of reindeer enterprise	200	12	600	600	0	
Total				9300	600	8700	

CONSULTANTS and CONTRACT SERVICES

	Payment
$ /day	Number of days	Total	Obtained	Sought	
Payment of services of the 
consultants	40	60	2400	0	2400	
Payment of the interpreter	50	60	3000	0	3000	
Total			5400	0	5400	

SOCIAL and MEDICAL INSURANCE, TAXES

	Total	Currently existing	Sought	
40.5 % from the wages	5953	243	5710	

Total wages	20653	843	19810	

5.5.2. NON-PERSONNEL DIRECT COSTS

SPACE COSTS

Location, 1 room of 20 sq.m.
$150/month for 12 months	1800	0	1800	
Municipal services $20/month	 240	0	 240	
Total	2040	0	2040	

PURCHASE OF EQUIPMENT

PC-386 computer with supplies for preparation of the documentation	1500	0	1500
	
Laser printer with supplies	 700	0	 700	
Total	2200	0	2200	

SUPPLIES

Office supplies 250 $/year	250	0	250	

TRAVEL and TRANSPORT COSTS

4 business trips to reindeer herding enterprise, 4 pers. for 7 days

Transport costs: 4 x $100 x 4 pers.	1600	0	1600	
Hotel and per diem 4 x $30 x 4 pers.x 7 days	3360	0	3360	
Total	4960	0	4960	

2 business trips to Norway, 4 pers., for 5 days

Transport costs 2 x 4 x $300	2400	0	2400	
Hotel and per diem 2 x 5 x 4 $150	6000	0	6000	
Total	8400	0	8400	

2 business trips in Southeast Asia, 4 pers. for 5 days

Transport costs 2 x 4 x $700	5600	0	5600	
Hotel and daily allowances 2 x 4 x 5 x $150	6000	0	6000	
Total	11600	0	11600	
Contingencies $50 x 4 pers. 	200	0	200	

Total on all business trips	25160	0	25160	

MISCELLANEOUS COSTS

The publication of the marketing report 
$3/copy - 200 copies.	600	0	600	
Mail costs $100/year	100	0	100	
Total	700	0	700	

5.5.3. INDIRECT COSTS

	Total	Currently existing	Sought	
15 % from main direct costs and wages 	7524	0	7524	

5.5.4. TOTAL

	Total	Currently existing	Sought	
Total of main direct costs 	30350	0	30350	
Total of direct costs 	50160	0	50160	
Total of indirect costs	7524	0	7524	
FULL COST of the SECOND STAGE of the PROJECT: 
US$ 57684	

The ANSIPRA Secretariat received a request from the editor of the newspaper "Aborigen Kamchatki" to reprint a letter from Nadezhda Marinenko which was published there on 27 June 1999. We have received the article with interest and would like to bring it to the attention of our readers, especially as many of the conditions and problems of the indigenous inhabitants of Kamchatka are representative of other regions of the Russian North.	 -- The Editor

We must realize ourselves for our future
Nadezhda I. Marinenko, oncologist

I came to Karaga on the 23rd of April. It had been a harsh winter with much snow and problems with fuel. Food is expensive. Members of the collective "Udarnik" do not receive cash. They receive goods at the company kiosk for the value of their salary, while the workers at MOPKKhA have not received their salaries for four years. I saw them receive 100 rubles. What can one buy for this money, when bread costs around 12 rubles and 1 bottle of seed oil costs 60 rubles?
	The people are in a tense mood. In the past, the kolkhoz "Udarnik" was wealthy; now only about 20 cows are left. The only joy is the hope that soon the bay ice will melt and the children and adults will go fishing with their fishing rods. The old men spread out their fishing nets, but the inspectors came and started forbidding fishing. So M.H. Sidorenko, specialist for indigenous peoples, had to call the fishing department.
	Unfortunately, not everyone can join fishing. In the past, the kolhoz gave work to everyone, but now the collective "Udarnik" only takes along its own members. And the private companies, even if they take you, do not register you officially. For example, the businessman Dodzhev, who resides in Elizovo and received a permit to fish in the Karaginsk Bay, hires seasonal workers without registration. The same can be said of the businessman Kiselev.
Vodka and its "benefactors"
I am discouraged by the fact that many people started drinking, especially the indigenous population, including women. Late in the evening I met a young mother with a small child. She carried a bag of flour to exchange it for vodka. Another case is the humanitarian help brought by V. Kogelov: sugar. It was distributed in families with children and elderly people. Some mothers exchanged it for vodka. In Karaga there are Russian women (four, I am told), who buy vodka deliberately to exchange it later advantageously for food and other things from the indigenous peoples. Who is better in this case: the alcoholic or he who supports drunkenness and gives alcohol to the indigenous population?
	I saw, in Ossor, young workers arrive and put up their tents near the cemetery. Then they gave candy to the children, for them to bring some firewood. The children brought wooden crosses and fences ... this is vandalism. They are hungry, it is cold - still, such a thing is inexcusable. Well, later they had to move further away from the cemetery.
Mighty tuberculosis
Another misery are the illnesses. Approximately 400 people live in Karaga. Of these, 225 are on the list in the tuberculosis department. In 1998 two actively ill persons were registered and on the first of January this year (1999 --The Editor) the number increased to 21. This year another four people had positive results after a fluorographic examination. Our rayon of Karaga is supposedly one of the luckier areas, with respect to tuberculosis. Here I must note that the main doctor of the Rayon tuberculosis department, Zinaida Vasilevna Chetveryakova - a representative of one of the indigenous peoples - does a good job and is driven by her enthusiasm alone, for there is no money to be had.
	A sick person is supposed to receive food worth 100 rubles per day, but receives merely 30. The hospital lacks four doctors and ten nurses. Where are they to come from? Our native girls used to get their medical training in Petropavlovsk. Their stipend is 150 rubles, while having to pay 162 rubles for accommodation. Parents cannot help; the Okrug pays irregularly. The girls quit their studies and the native population suffers from a lack of specialists. 
What is to be done?
How to protect the indigenous population? What is to be done in order to safeguard the welfare of our peoples? Maybe we must unite and build our own communities, in order to survive together. During Soviet rule we got used to other people thinking for us and did not have to think of the future. Now other times have come. Now we must control the situation ourselves, make the right decisions, follow the laws of our ancestors. 
	In the past, the river on the banks of which people lived belonged to one clan. Our ancestors lived in Old Karaga and went upstream in the summer, following the fishes almost to the source of the river Karaga. They fished, depending on the season. In the spring they fished in the sea, in Kostroma, in autumn - following the fishes - upstream. They never hindered the migration of fishes. In 1937, the communal centre was moved to Ossora and the lands automatically went over to the new centre. Not everyone owns fishing gear. The indigenous people are restricted in fishing for salmon, though the workers at the department of fishery themselves often break fishing rules. 
Insulted bear of the sky
Another problem is the conservation of the bear. Eyewitnesses saw dead bears near Drankin springs with cut bellies. The poachers take the gall and leave the bears to rot ... The Koryaks had a ritual - the Bear of the Sky dance. The Creator gave the bear a duty - to look after the proper timing of the changes in the seasons of the year. This year spring came very late. When I left for town, the bay was not completely free of ice, the snow had not melted and it was very cold, not only in Karaganda Rayon - in the town also. When we destroy the ecological balance and neglect ethical norms, we punish ourselves. For example, in the past, when people used to return in boats to their homes downstream, they talked in the evening quietly, did not shout, did not swear.They respected nature and life, including themselves. They never killed anything they did not need, and they asked for forgiveness of the bear they killed for want of food. Unfortunately, many old rituals are forgotten. This happened because people started to forget their own language. The elderly know the Koryak tongue, but there is hardly anyone younger than 40 years who masters his own language. Knowledge of one’s own language is the key to history, the key to understanding ongoing processes. There are Nymylan (a Koryak group --The Editor) people in Karaga, but in school the Nymylan children learn Chavchuven, which is a different dialect. At home, no one speaks Chavchuven. 
From a doctor's point of view
By violating the laws of nature, we doom our own lives and the lives of forthcoming generations. One example. Experts from a French clinic are debating with those nutrition specialists who recommend avoiding food rich in oil. 
	Besides that, according to new biochemical analyses, brain cells need unsaturated fatty acids to function normally. A lack of these causes problems with chemical exchange processes in the neurons. The brain sort of falls asleep without this "oil lubrication". This has been proven by experiments on rats and monkeys, which received only proteins and lost some capabilities as a result. Our Russian scientists proved that semisaturated fatty acids are necessary for the formation of human connective tissue, which means that they are needed for a normal state of the skin, a good functioning of the cardiac muscle, the kidneys, etc. These semisaturated fats are found in significant amounts in our salmons and other fishes.
	This is why it is recommended for all people - thinkers, inventors, readers and simply ponderers, to eat fish, fish oil, seal oil, as much as they like. This is why we need to take good care of nature, to conserve our richness in fishes.
	Unfortunately, some of my own people, living in Karaga and Ossora, catch fish in spawning grounds. Today, rich for a moment, they can buy an expensive fur coat or a second-hand car - but what of tomorrow?
	Tomorrow only illnesses will remain - heart attacks, kidney cysts, limping, blindness. And the fish will not last for our heirs.

About the future of the planet
In this context I would like to say something about the prospects of the building of petroleum rigs on Kamchatka. In November 1998, during the conference on ecological problems of Kamchatka, it was reported that the amount of petroleum in the Sea of Okhotsk, in the Olzutorsk-Penzhinsk Basin, is being calculated. In December 1998 in the Bay of Mexico, the largest petroleum accident of the 20th century occurred - the pipeline burst at the sea floor and a 40 km long patch of petroleum appeared on the sea surface and started to spread towards the Mississippi Delta. It posed a catastrophic danger to fishes, mollusks, birds and other life, including humans. And what about the sad story in Sakhalin? 
	While our ancestors were heirs to a sense for ecological morality, our contemporaries must learn it.
Salvation in creativeness
I liked the industrial arts exhibit, which was shown in Karaga on the first of May. Famous artists took part in it: Natalya Ivanova Evgur, Mariya Alekseevna Chechulina, Ulyana Gutorova. The works of Aleksandra Vasilevna Popova were exhibited. The works of the kindergarten teachers Valentina Nasyankova and Tatyana Brilyakova are interesting. I am glad to see that events showing the culture of the indigenous peoples are organised and that in the Karaga Rayon ethnic groups are at work. This means that the spirit of our peoples is alive.
Before condemning Shamanism
The following also disturbs me. Some time in the past, there was a small chapel in Old Karaga. With the arrival of the Russians, many indigenous peoples were baptized and became Christian. And now there are faithful people, but the youth, together with some old women have joined the faith of Jehovah's Witnesses. This, of course, concerns private matters. But lately I heard Sergey Tavynin on the radio. He was saying that faith helps to live. People quit drinking. And faith in a living Jesus is better than Shamanism. He said that Shamanism is a primitive trait.
	I think that before condemning something from the past, one needs to study the spiritual life of one's people, including Shamanism. I, for example, do not think that the shamans were only negative. Many think that the indigenous northern peoples are primitive. Not at all! These are such wise people. Scientists from many countries abroad are currently studying our ancestors and contemporary indigenous peoples. Special attention is given to cult rituals and Shamanism. I think that we should continue the conversation about the spiritual life of the indigenous northerners in the following editions of the newspaper. The third millennium is approaching and we must understand what the indigenous people of Kamchatka represent now and what awaits them in the future.

To the 	Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation
		Chairman of the Parliament of the Russian Federation
		Governor of the Kamchatka Oblast
		Head public prosecutor of the Russian Federation
		Chairman of the Oblast-Counsil of national representatives of the Kamchatka Oblast
		Leaders of international ecological and law-protecting organisations

Declaration of the public organisations of the Kamchatka Oblast

We, the participants of consultative hearings of the society of the Kamchatka Oblast concerning the question of the construction of the gas pipeline Sobolev-Petropavlov-Kamchatka, representing the following public organisations:

Elizov Rayon Association of Indigenous Peoples of the North
Union of Public Organisations of Communities of Indigenous Peoples of the North of the Kamchatka Oblast "Yayar"
Public Organisation of Indigenous Peoples of the North, "Aleskam"
Public Organisation of Indigenous Peoples of the North, "Koyana"
Public Organisation of Indigenous Peoples of the North, "Pimchakh"
Scientific Center for the Support of Indigenous Peoples of the North, "Bionik"
Community of Indigenous Peoples of the North, "Pronya"
Community of Indigenous Peoples of the North, "Kam-yak"
Community of Indigenous Peoples of the North, "Itel"
Petrov Academy of Science and Arts
National Industry OOO "Kalagir"
Society of Disabled People of the Elizovo Rayon
Society of Veterans of War and Work of the Elizovo Rayon
Association of Mothers with Large Families of the Elizovo Rayon
Public Council of the Kamchatka Oblast
The Rerikh Society of the Elizovo Oblast
Independent Union of Teachers of Kamchatka
Kamchatka Organisation VOPD "Union of Russian Taxpayers"
Kamchatka Department of VOOP "All-Russian Society for the Conservation of Nature"
Kamchatka Organisation of the Russian Union of People Serving in the Military
Kamchatka Regional Organisation "Union of Law-Protectors"
Public Ecological Foundation "Harmony of Action"
Public Organisation "Harmony" of the village Termalniy
Public Environmental Organisation "Sotka"
Elizovo Organisation of KPRF

make the following declaration:

Having heard and discussed the information presented by scientists and ecologists and the opinions of experts about the ecological hazards of the construction of the gas pipeline for the nature of Kamchatka, the society of Kamchatka, represented by the above-mentioned organisations, hereby declares its negative attitude towards the commencement  of construction of the gas pipeline.
	Based on the presented facts, the indigenous people of Kamchatka and the great majority of social organisations in the Kamchatka Oblast view the construction of the gas pipeline as an offense against all inhabitants of Kamchatka and the unique nature in the Kamchatka Oblast.
	We are convinced that the construction of the gas pipeline - a project without economic grounds, without consideration of alternative projects of energy for the Kamchatka Oblast, without consideration of the effect this will have on the environment and lacking any ethno-ecological considerations- is ecological terrorism.
	We are sure that the results of the gas-supply project for the Kamchatka Oblast will result in  a complete destruction of forests, fish populations and unique ecosystems in the swamps of the western Kamchatka coast. The construction of the gas pipeline will cause catastrophic changes in the Kamchatka landscape and a loss of bioproduction for the whole region.
	Such changes in the life-circumstances of the indigenous people of Kamchatka will lead to the extinction of Northern minorities, which is in fact genocide, an offense perpetrated by the administration of the Kamchatka Oblast against the indigenous people of Kamchatka.
	We turn towards the organs of government of Russia with a demand to stop the financing and construction of the gas pipeline Sobolev-Petropavlovsk-Kamchatka.
	We turn towards international ecological and law-protecting organisations with the request to support in any possible way our fight for preventing the construction of the gas pipeline.
	The loss of the unique Kamchatka environment, which was given world heritage status by UNESCO, will be a loss for all the inhabitants of the planet.

Signed by the representatives of the 25 organisations mentioned above.
Contact details:

Ignatenko, L.G.: 684020 Kamchatskaya Oblast, Elizovo Rayon, village Razdolniy, 60 let Oktyabrya street #1, app. 17, phone (+7) 41531-97140 
E-mail yupik@elrus.kamchatka.su

Petrov, A.V.: 683003 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy, Vilyuyskaya street #20, app. 4, phone (+7) 41522-28168, fax 95549, E-mail protekt@chat.ru
Doctors of the World: soon a decade of humanitarian action in Chukotka 

Yvon Csonka, University of Neuchatel, Switzerland

Doctors of the World’s (DOW) first contacts with Chukotka were established in 1991, during the “World’s [social] scientists contribution to the Russian Far North” expedition (Chichlo, ed., 1993). But the first humanitarian project was started in relation with a tragic event. In May 1993, the international expedition “ Transsibering ” ended with the crash of a helicopter on the north coast of Chukotka. Seven were killed, others wounded. To honour the memory of one of the victims, a circle of his compatriots from Switzerland offered DOW the means to start a program dedicated to the improvement of the health condition of the Native population of Chukotka. In 1994-1996, DOW supported, in cooperation with the region, the creation in Anadyr, capital city of the region, of a medical school where Native health agents could be trained at the levels of nurse, technician dentist or feldsher (field doctor); the French coordinators were Patrick David and Virginie Vaté. It has sent expatriate teachers, teaching aids and other materials, and has provided sponsoring and advice. The school is now up and running successfully, providing crucially needed health agents to replace the Russian immigrants who have left the region. 
	Since 1995, the French and the Swiss sections of Doctors of the World have cooperated in supporting a grassroot Native association active in the fight against alcoholism and dependence on tobacco. Alcoholism has wrought havoc among Native communities in the Russian North, and it has worsened in recent years. It causes acute social, psychological and physical ills, and it is responsible, directly or indirectly, for a disproportionate number of early deaths. The association Doverie (“Trust”), based in Anadyr, has met with considerable success applying the well proven method developed in Russia by Mr. Shichko. Recognizing an initiative worth encouragement, Doctors of the World has stepped in as sponsor and partner. Thanks to this support, Doverie now has its own premises, a three-room apartment equipped with communication and teaching materials, and does not have to depend on the – very limited, and at times nonexistent – good will of the regional authorities. Doctors of the World respondents for the project, Virginie Vaté in France and Olga Letykai Csonka and Yvon Csonka in Switzerland, visit Anadyr regularly and keep in touch with the association year-round. Doverie members were invited to participate in a session of United Nations Working Group on Indigenous Populations dedicated to health issues, and to make contacts at the World Health Organisation’s headquarters in Geneva.
	According to plan, Doverie is now extending its action into the rural villages where most of the Native population lives. It also aims at establishing contacts with associations having similar purposes in other parts of the Russian North. To be able to rely almost entirely on local initiative, personnel, and experience, represents an ideal case for an NGO such as Doctors of the World, as it leads naturally to the next step: this will be for Doverie to gain its autonomy by seeking other sponsors, including local sponsors. In the meantime, it remains an important aim to find ways to transfer the experience gained by Doverie and by DOW to other areas of the Russian North.

Contacts : 
·	Ivan Vukvukai, President, Association Doverye, Anadyr, Chukotka Autonomous Region, doverie@anadyr.ru
·	Olga Letykai Csonka and Yvon Csonka, co-responsible for the DOW project at DOW-Switzerland, Neuchâtel, Switzerland, ycsonka@vtx.ch
·	Virginie Vaté, co-responsible of the DOW project at DOW-France, Paris, France, virginie.vate@medecinsdumonde.net

Reference cited: Boris Chichlo, ed., 1993: Sibérie III: Les peuples du Kamchatka et de la Tchoukotka [Reports of the 1991 expédition]. Paris: Institut d’études slaves.

The Anadyr Society for Sobriety, ”Doverie” (“Trust”)

Ivan Vukvukai, President of the Anadyr Society for Sobriety, "Doverie", of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug

Our organisation - the Anadyr Society for Sobriety, “Doverie” - was registered by the department of law of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug on the 19th of January 1995. The movement for the sobriety of the indigenous peoples of Chukotka, however, has existed for over five years. During this time concerned individuals have organised and carried out courses for 47 groups. Such groups were formed in the town of Anadyr, in the villages of Tavaivaam, Lorino, Neshkan, Uelen, Lavrentiya, Novoe Chaplino, Amguema, Vankarem, Konergino, and Rypkaipii, and in the small settlements of Mys Shmidta and Provedeniya. The overall count of individuals involved is approximately 260 people. 
	The "Doverie" Society has the following action plan:
1. Founding a center for information and education about the dangers of alcohol abuse in the Okrug. 
2. Training qualified personnel for conducting preventive courses and lectures in places densely populated by indigenous peoples.
3. Demarcating sobriety-zones in indigenous villages in Chukotka.
4. Organising societies for sobriety in villages.
5. Acquiring special literature, visual aids, films and videos showing scientific information about the problem of alcoholism. 
6. Conducting polls in Chukotka to assess the impact of alcohol on families.
7. Propagation of a healthy way of life on the radio, TV and in the press. 
	Methods and stages of the project: A method to induce sobriety by the St. Petersburg scientist Gennadiy Andreevich Shichko is applied.
	First stage: 10 day courses, during which the participants receive detailed information about alcohol and tobacco, write diaries with an analysis of their past, in which they abused alcohol, compare the past with the present, non-alcoholic state, and write a plan for a future without alcohol and tobacco.
	Second stage: independent consolidation of the attitude which has been produced in the first stage. 
	Third stage: establishment of a sobriety-zone within the family, with friends and other indigenous people.
	The number of members of "Doverie" is growing continuously. The society had acute problems with getting accommodation with a telephone and copy machine. We needed a place to give courses and consult people, as well as to keep our literature, visual aids and statistical information about our activities. The regional administration helped us solve these and other problems by giving us the means to buy literature and cover the costs of the special education for four active members at the "Academy of Social Techniques G.A. Shichko" in St. Petersburg. Currently the acquired accommodation is being renovated and we are buying furniture and accessories (organisational technology).
	The number of people who have finished our courses and are on a sober path in life is increasing. Many of them are excellent specialists in their fields of activity, good workers who have lost their jobs due to alcoholism. The situation on the Chukotka job market is harsh; many of our co-activists have problems finding the means for living for their families with children and elderly parents. We therefore react with much interest to job offers made by foreign companies.
	Besides these problems, the work of our society is hindered by other factors. All work done is based purely on the free time and enthusiasm of active members. However, to ensure the long-term effectiveness of the society, members should be competent in leadership skills, accounting and, of course, have economic livelihoods. 
	The peoples living in Chukotka are interested in sober-minded people, in a healthy gene pool. This is why we ask for the help of anyone who can help us to turn their attention towards the first buds of a sobriety movement on Chukotka and support our activity in any possible way.
	Money can be transferred to 686710 Chukotskiy AO, Anadyr, Otke street 32, appt. 2, tel. (427) 22 2 45 14, or account nr. 40703810750230100010 in the Chukotka OSB of the Primorsk bank SB, corresponding account nr. 30101810800000000604, INN 8709006977, BIK 04771960388*.

*It is not recommended to transfer money to Russian bank accounts because of the unusually high taxes subtracted from the transferred amount. The ANSIPRA Secretariat will assist potential sponsors in finding other ways of transferring money to the society.
		 	--The Editor.

Urgent Appeal for Assistance - Chukotka

APRIL 16, 2000: The situation facing the indigenous Yupik and Chukchi peoples of Russia's far northeastern tip is dire. With the break-up of the Soviet Union came the collapse of the state-sponsored economic systems and infrastructure upon which the native peoples of Chukotka endured a forced dependence.
	Reviving traditional subsistence activities, Yupik and Chukchi peoples are taking to the sea in traditional skin boats in pursuit of gray and bowhead whales, walrus, and seal.* Traditional foods are being made available to villages residents and those who through decades of forced relocation, reside in decaying urban centers. Traditional village sites, abandoned after relocation, are once again coming to life. Ancient and essential socio-economic ties are reemerging with the inland peoples.
	However, the sea mammal hunting equipment is outdated and in a poor state of repair. Equipping the hunting crews of Chukotka with basic equipment is essential to the safe, successful, and humane harvest of whales, walrus and seals. Such items include: binoculars for spotting whales; pneumatic floats to ensure that whales are not lost; lines for towing the gray and bowhead whales to shore; and wet weather gear so that butchering may be done in the water, minimizing the risk of contaminating the meat.
 	The WCW has been working with organisations in Alaska and the Chukotkan region to establish reliable lines of supply, to ensure that any and all assistance will reach those communities in need, intact. For more information, contact the WCW Secretariat. 

Summary of article by Tom Mexsis Happynook, Chairman, World Council of Whalers, internet web site 
http://www.worldcouncilofwhalers.com/WCWNews/WCWnews16.html

* The International Whaling Commission permits subsistence whaling by some aboriginal groups. These are limited by quotas for each species. In 1998, 122 gray whales were taken by Chukotkan natives, out of a IWC quota of 132. One bowhead out of a quota of 5 was taken that year. The IWC does not concern itself with sea mammals other than cetaceans. 	--The Editor
"Ilkėn" - Newspaper of the New Century

The first light of November 1999 saw the newspaper "Ilkėn" of the indigenous peoples of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutiya). The newspaper was brought to life by the Ministry of Nationalities of the Republic of Sakha and federal associations, the Association of Indigenous Peoples of Yakutiya, and the Division of Press of the government of the Republic of Sakha. 
	"Ilkėn" is the first printed media to cover issues concerning the indigenous peoples living on the territory of the region. The newspaper is writing in seven languages: Russian, Yakut, Evenk, Even, Yukagir, Chukchi and Dolgan. Additionally, the section "Indigenous Peoples of the World" includes contributions in English.
	The newspaper contains various sections, in which topics connected with the life of these peoples, both historical and contemporary, are featured. On the pages of the newspaper can be found information about local, domestic, regional and international events. In the column "Book World of Russia", the newspaper introduces the readers to new publications and diverse literary items of interest. Popular pages, written in the Evenk, Even and Yukagir languages, are also included. The children's column "Ilkėnchik" introduces to pre-school and school children the culture and tradition of the inhabitants of the North, their languages and history. Social and political questions are reflected in the sections "Insight", "Language politics" and "Legislation". The environmental situation is covered under the headings "Around the Light" and "Northern Ecology". 
	The newspaper has a young staff of editors of multi-ethnic composition. The main editor is Varvara Danilova: Evenk, member of Russian Union of Authors and International Union of Authors, literary critic. The assistant editor is Olga Ulturgasheva [Keymeti]: Even, English teacher at Yakutian State University, interpreter. The Editorial Board is comprised of Nikolay Kirgitaun (Chukchi), Aleksandr Lenkov (Russian), Irina Kurilova (Yukagir), Lyudmila Alekseeva [Gevan] (Evenk), and Anna Danilova (Evenk).
	The newspaper "Ilkėn" promotes a healthful way of life and the cultural and intellectual interests of the indigenous peoples of the world. For the young readership we have established the section "Break into Open Doors" where contributions about the life of young people in the Arctic will be published.
	"Ilkėn" would be pleased to enter into creative cooperation with all interested individuals and organisations. Send your written material to the following address:

677007 Россия	Varvara Danilova
Республика Саха (Якутия)	Kulakovskogo 4/1, room 43
Якутск Кулаковского 4/1 кв.43	RUS - 677007 Yakutsk
тел. 007 4112 445216	Republic of Sakha (Yakutiya)	
Варваре Даниловой	Russia
e-mail: oulturgasheva@mail.ru	phone: +007 4112 445216

We accept contributions in Russian, English, Yakut, Evenk, Even, Yukagir, Chukchi and Dolgan languages.

What does the word "Ilkėn" mean?

A.N. Myreeva, Candidate of Philosophical Sciences, Head of Division of Evenk philology at IPMNS SO, Russian Academy of Sciences.

The Evenks, not having had any writing until the 1930s, used a system of symbols and drawings for communication. I. Georgi wrote about this ability: "Whenever they want to meet again in a different place, they have the ability to describe that place so exactly with fingers in the snow or in the earth that there is no doubt left of where to go and find it." Information about travel, catch of animals, reindeer casualties, etc., was communicated by using special route symbols and drawings on pieces of wood or rock surfaces. These symbols were made with improvised items like willow twigs, sticks, moss or stones. The most prevalent route symbols were called "ilkėn" - carvings in wood. They were made in places of permanent residence, along rivers and on mountain passes. With similar carvings they indicated paths to "dėvun" - places of dead or left-behind animals in the taiga. This were symbols used by messangers who, sent ahead on reindeer, brought the catch to the camp. Carvings placed on prominent trees were used to inform their fellow-tribesmen. With coal or "dėvė" - red or black mineral stone - moose or wild reindeer were drawn , which meant "nearby is moose or wild reindeer, you may hunt them". Drawn upside-down they meant "killed moose or wild reindeer, please take it". Arrows carved beside the symbols indicated the direction to the place where the "dėvun" was to be found.

Indigenous ethnic groups of the North, Siberia and the Far East of the Russian Federation

Part II: The southern zone – Urals to Primorskiy Kray

WINFRIED DALLMANN, Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromsø
GALINA DIACHKOVA, Institute of Ethnology  and Anthropology, Moscow

This is the second contribution providing basic information on the ethnic groups indigenous to the North, Siberia and the Far East of the Russian Federation. Officially, Russia lists 30 ethnic groups in this category (156,038 individuals acc. to statistic data of 01.01.1998). The 15 northernmost groups residing in areas at or close to the Arctic coasts were treated in Part I (NNSIPRA Bulletin No. 3, November 1999), while the others are presented here.
	The ethnographic subdivision into "indigenous peoples" (Russian: korennye narody) is a result of the tsaristic policy of lumping native northerners according to language and other cultural features. Unlike the North American policy, where clans, bands and village communities of indigenous Americans were categorized into tribal entities, the tsaristic policy aimed at creating larger peoples or nations which seemed to be easier to handle.

	This method of ethnic grouping was continuously pursued during the Soviet era and influenced indigenous ethnic identity with respect to group affiliation. However, many of the individual ethnic groups still suffer from the lack of a sufficiently varied language policy which would take into consideration the entire range of used languages which are more numerous than those taught at educational institutions and supported by the authorities with teaching materials, etc.
	Since the Perestroyka era and the subsequent abandonment of Soviet policies, many ethnic groups have been trying to revive their former clan structures along with traditional subsistence patterns, although mainly within the framework of the ethnic groupings established during the tsaristic and Soviet era.

Indigenous peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East of the Russian Federation:
	(No. in brackets refers to No. of NNSIPRA Bulletin where the group is introduced)
Arctic and Subarctic tundra and taiga:
			Eastern Saami (3)	Nenets (3)	Enets (3)	Nganasans (3)
			Selkups (4)	Khanty (3)	Mansi (4)	Kets (4)
			Dolgans (3)	Evenks (3)	Evens (3)	Yukagirs (3)	
			Chuvans (3)	Chukchi (3)	Siberian Yupik (3)	Aleuts (3)	
			Koryaks (3)	Itelmens / Kamchadals (3)	Vepsians (forthcoming)
Southern Far East (Amur, Primorskiy Kray and Sakhalin):
			Nivkhi (4)	Negidals (4)	Ulchi (4)	Oroks (4)
			Nanais (4)	Orochi (4)	Udege (4)
Mid-latitude forests and mountain areas of Southern Siberia (forthcoming):
			Shors 	Teleuts 	Tofalar 	Taz 
			Tuvins	Altais 

An overview map showing the residence areas of these ethnic groups is published in NNSIPRA Bull. No. 3.

Information given in the subsequent tables is mainly based on the following sources:
Chislennost i sostav naseleniya narodov Severa. Po dannym perepisi naseleniya 1989 goda. T.1.Ch.1. Moskva. Respublikanskiy informatsionno-izdatelskiy tsentr.
Narody Rossii. Entsiklopediya. Inst. of Ethnology and Anthropology, Moscow 1994.
Narody Sibiri. Edited by M.G. Levin and L.P. Potapov. Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 1956. (Engl. translation ‘The peoples of Siberia’ 1964.)

Rossiyskaya Arktika: na poroge katastrofy. Pod obshey redaktsieyi. A.V.Yablokova. Moskwa.1996
Statdannye Goskomstata Rossii na 1/01/1989 god.
The Redbook of the peoples of the Russian Empire. Edited by A. Humphreys and K. Mits, Tallinn 1993.
--- and articles in various journals.

We encourage representatives of the ethnic groups introduced here to inform us about errors and important gaps in the presented information.

Mansi	
Self-designation(s) (singular, ISO spelling)	mansi	
“Official” name(s) (plural form)	Russ.: манси	Engl.: Mansi	
Other names (plural form)	Russ.: вогулы	Engl.: Voguls	
Residence area(s)	mainly in Khanty-Mansiyskiy Avt. Okrug a. to the SW in the Sverdlovskaya Oblast	
Population 
(for USSR/Russia: census 1989 / 01.01.1998 statistics)	Russian Federation: 	8,279	4,837
Khanty-Mansiyskiy Avt. Okrug: 	6,562	4,723
Sverdlovskaya Oblast: 	?	69	
Rural population (% in Russ. Fed.)	54.4%	
Ethnic affiliation	Ugric group	
National language	Mansi	
Affiliation of national language	Language family: Uralic		Group: Finno-Ugric	
Status of national language (1989) 	Mother tongue:  36.7%          	Speaking fluently:  39.6%	
Cultural centre(s)		
Aut. okrug(s) or ethnic territor. area(s) : Centre(s) : ethnic % of total district popul.	Khanty-Mansiyskiy Avt. Okrug: Khanty-Mansiysk			0.51%	
Traditional culture	Hunting, fishing are main occupations.
Reindeer breeding and gathering are important as subsidiary occupations.
Only the northern, and to a limited extend the eastern, of the four subgroups have successfully preserved their trad. culture.	
Ethno-geography:
Mansi live in the south-western part of the Ob River basin, manily in Khanty-Mansiyskiy Avt. Okrug and to the SW in the Sverdlovskaya Oblast. Their traditional residence areas are along the rivers Sosva, Konda, Lozva, Pelym, Sosva, Tavda, between the Urals and the Ob and Irtysh rivers. The population numbers are stable, but there is an alarming decrease of native language speakers. The explosive increase of the main population, ten-fold during the last 50 years, let their percentage shrink from 6.2% (1938) to 0.5% (1989). Southern and Western subroups are manly assimilated, while the northern, and partly the eastern subgroups, are carrying on the Mansi culture. The written language is based on the northern dialect. 	
Lifestyle and subsistence of rural population:
The Mansi culture has many similarities with that of the Khants which locally or reginally live mingled with them. Those Mansi which live at the lower reaches of the tributaries of Ob and Irtysch have fishing as their most important subsistence. Seasonal shift from summer to winter dwellings was traditionally common. Those living at the upper reaches of the rivers live mainly of hunting (large animals like moose, and fowl and fur animals). Many combine fishing and hunting, and also reindeer herding pastoralism as a subsidiary occupation. Traditional housing is both sedentary and nomadic depending on the local conditions. By 1979 only about 43 % of the Mansi were still engaged in traditional employment, due to progressive devastation of hunting and fishing grounds.	
Present environmental threats	Exploitation of oil and gas deposits since the 1960s brought about the growth of industry, new settlements and towns, and an uncontrolled flow of immigrants. 20,000--25,000 tons of oil per year is spilled, polluting forest and tundra pastures as well as rivers. The yearly catch of sturgeon in the 1990s in the Tyumenskaya Oblast is now only a tenth of years past (from 170 to 9.3 tons pr family). The benefits of income of the industry have reached the indigenous population only in recent years.
The onslaught of industry has resulted in the forced evacuation of the Mansi and great difficulties in adaptating to the changed environment. 
Alcoholism is a common phenomenon. The average life expectancy is only 40--45 years and the percentage of suicides is high. 
Reindeer theft, poaching and other violating activities by oil workers.	

Selkups	
Self-designation(s) (singular, ISO spelling)	selkup	
“Official” name(s) (plural form)	Russ.: селькупы   Engl.: Selkups	
Other names (plural form)	Russ.: остяко-самоеды, остяки	Engl.: Ostyak-Samoyeds, Ostyaks	
Residence area(s)	Tomskaya Oblast (southern Selkups) and middle Yenisey with southeastern Yamalo-Nenetskiy Avt. Okrug (northern Selkups)	
Population 
(for USSR/Russia: census 1989 / 01.01.1998 statistics)	Russian Federation: 	3,564	2,980
Yamalo-Nenetskiy Avt. Okrug: 	1,530	1,449
Tomskaya Oblast: 	1,347	1,244 
Krasnoyarskiy Kray: 	359	286	
Rural population (% in Russ. Fed.)	74.7%	
Ethnic affiliation	Samoyedic group	
National language	Selkup     several distinct dialects with limited mutual understanding	
Affiliation of national language	Language family: Uralic		Group: Samoyedic	
Status of national language (1989) 	Mother tongue:  47.7%          	Speaking fluently:  50.4%	
Cultural centre(s)	Krasnoselkup	
Aut. okrug(s) or ethnic territor. area(s) : Centre(s) : ethnic % of total district popul.	Yamalo-Nenetskiy Avt. Okrug:	Salekhard				3.1%
	
Traditional culture	Fishing and hunting, gathering, reindeer breeding only for draught animals.
Sedentary.	
Ethno-geography:
The Selkups live today in two separate areas. The Narym Selkup (or Obskaya Group) concentrate in the southern area (Tomskaya Oblast) as a result of the former existence of the Tymskiy National District from 1930 to 1950, which gathered much of the Selkup population residing between the upper Ob and middle Yenisey rivers. They live at the rivers Ob, Tym, Vasyugan, Ket and Parabel. Due to the limited mutual understanding of their dialects, Russian became the dominant language. Cultural and linguistic assimilation is today almost complete.
	The other residential area lies to the west of the middle Yenisey, mainly in the Yamalo-Nenetskiy Avt. Okrug at the upper Taz River  and at the Yenisey River in the Krasnoyarskiy Kay (Tazovsko-Turukhanskaya Group). They form the majority of the population in the Krasnoselkup district. A traditional way of life is only locally preserved..	
Lifestyle and subsistence of rural population:
The Selkups have traditionally been hunters and fishermen, but have nonetheless led a more stationary life than the Northern Samoyeds (Nenets, Enets, Nganasans). In summer they lived in conical tents, in winter in log cabins. Squirrels, sables, wolverines and other fur animals as well as forest birds were important game. Reindeer were mainly used as draught animals. Since the 19th century, when the Russians appeared as permanent settlers in the territories of the Selkups and took to hunting their domesticated reindeer, reindeer breeding has grown more difficult for the Samoyeds. 	
Present environmental threats	Use of wildlife and land by foreign settlers has severely reduced the resource base of traditional occupations.	

Kets	
Self-designation(s) (singular, ISO spelling)	ket	
“Official” name(s) (plural form)	Russ.: кеты	Engl.: Kets	
Other names (plural form)	Russ.: енисейские остяки, енисейцы  Engl.: Yenisey-Ostyaks	
Residence area(s)	Yenisey River and tributaries in the Turukhansk and Baykit districts	
Population 
(for USSR/Russia: census 1989 / 01.01.1998 statistics)	Former Soviet Union: 	1,113
Russian Federation: 	1,084	939
Krasnoyarskiy Kray: 	981	920	
Rural population (% in Russ. Fed.)	82.2%	
Ethnic affiliation	isolated (both Uralic and Mongolid affiliations)	
National language	Ket     two main dialects, Symskiy and Imbatskiy; Ket is the only language of the Ket Assan language group which is still in use	
Affiliation of national language	Language family: isolated; by some scientists assigned to the Palaeo-Asiatic languages in a wider sense	Group: isolated language; historical: Ket-Assan	
Status of national language (1989) 	Mother tongue:  48.8%          	Speaking fluently:  54.3%	
Cultural centre(s)	Kellog, Surgutikha, Baklanikha	
Aut. okrug(s) or ethnic territor. area(s) : Centre(s) : ethnic % of total district popul.	none	
Traditional culture	Fishing and hunting 
Reindeer breeding only for draught animals (ceased during the 1980s)	
Ethno-geography:
The Kets live in three separate residential areas at the Kureyka, Pakulikha, Surgutikha, Yeloguy and Podkamennaya Tunguska tributaries close to the Yenisey River. In only three villages (Kellog, Surgutikha and Baklanikha) they form the majority, living manly beside Russians. The population of the Kets has been more or less stable, but the percentage of native language speakers is on the decline.	
Lifestyle and subsistence of rural population:
Until the middle of the 20th century, the Kets lived in permanent summer camps in bark-covered chums and dugout log dwellings, and during the winter in temporary camps. Main subsistence branches were fishing in summer and hunting (moose, deer, fur animals) in winter. For fishing, large flat-bottomed boats were used which also could serve as summer dwellings. Reindeer breeding (now abandoned) was subordinate and served mainly transportation purposes. Traditional subsistence, developed into economic branches during the Soviet era, is now only carried out for food supply, but sufficient licenses are not issued. Modern economic branches are animal breeding, kitchen gardening and dairy farming. 	
Present environmental threats	Use of wildlife and land by foreign settlers has severely reduced the resource base of traditional occupations.	

Nivkhi	
Self-designation(s) (singular, ISO spelling)	nivchgu (nivghu)	
“Official” name(s) (plural form)	Russ.: нивхи	Engl.: Nivkhi	
Other names (plural form)	Russ.: гиляки	Engl.: Gilyaks	
Residence area(s)	Northern Sakhalin and Amur River mouth area	
Population 
(for USSR/Russia: census 1989 / 01.01.1998 statistics)	Russian Federation: 	4,631	2,711
Khabarovskiy Kray: 	2,386	1,508
Sakhalinskaya Oblast:	2,008	1,199	
Rural population (% in Russ. Fed.)	49.3%	
Ethnic affiliation	isolated	
National language	Nivkhi      3 dialects: Amurian, Eastern-Sakhalinian, Northern Sakhalinian	
Affiliation of national language	Language family: isolated; by some scientists assigned to the Palaeo-Asiatic languages in a wider sense	Group: isolated language	
Status of national language (1989) 	Mother tongue:  23.3%          	Speaking fluently:  26.0%	
Cultural centre(s)	-	
Aut. okrug(s) or ethnic territor. area(s) : Centre(s) : ethnic % of total district popul.	none	
Traditional culture	Fishing, sea mammal hunting, hunting, gathering	
Ethno-geography:
The Nivkhi live on the Lower Amur, on the coast of the Ohkotsk Sea on the river's estuary, and on Sakhalin. In the administrative sense, they belong to the Khabarovskiy Kray (districts of Takhatin and Nizhne-Amur), and Sakhalinskaya Oblast region (the districts of Rybinov, Kirov, Alexandrov and Shirokopad). In the past, their habitation was more extensive. The Nivkhi are considered to be the direct descendants of the neolithic population of their present residence areas.
	The Nivkh population is not compact and they mostly live side by side with Russians or Negidals. The population has been stable throughout the 20th century, although the number of native speakers has decreased from almost 100% in 1926 to c. 50%  in 1970 and 23% by the end of the century.	
Lifestyle and subsistence of rural population:
Of all Nivkhi traditions the most enduring are fishing and hunting, while sea mammal hunting and gathering are subsidiary occupations. 
	The importance of fish is best illustrated by the name once given to the Nivkhi - fish-eaters. Fishing is carried on throughout the year. For the coastal-dwelling Nivkhi, an additional occupation was the hunting of sea mammals, especially seals. Hunting (traditionally bears, later fur animals) starts in autumn. Dog breeding (for draught animals and for food) was also widespread. Traditional clothing and food, and also women's handicrafts, have to some extent been preserved. Changes in the structure of settlements (Soviet liquidation of settlements and gathering of the population in  larger centres) have had a detrimental impact on traditional architecture. 
	Nowadays, the Nivkhi live in villages and towns of mixed population, in Russian-type houses, and have widely adopted the Russian way of life. Only a handful of principally anthropological factors have so far averted their total assimilation.	
Present environmental threats	Oil exploration and development on the Sea of Okhotsk Shelf is devaluating traditional fishing grounds and threatening traditional occupations.
Felling of timber in water-protection zones has a detrimental effect on water regulation.
Industry as a whole has made 30-40% of traditional Nivkhi lands useless for traditional occupations.
Pollution of the Amur River with phenols and heavy metals kills fish stocks and degrades the quality of the natural environment.	

Negidals	
Self-designation(s) (singular, ISO spelling)	ilkan bėjenin, na bėjenin, amgun bėjenin	
“Official” name(s) (plural form)	Russ.: негидальцы	Engl.: Negidals     (word from Evenk language)	
Other names (plural form)	Russ.: гиляки, орочоны	Engl.: Gilyaks, Orochons	
Residence area(s)	Amgun River banks in the Khabarovskiy Kray	
Population 
(for USSR/Russia: census 1989 / 01.01.1998 statistics)	Russian Federation: 	587	384
Khabarovskiy Kray: 	502	383	
Rural population (% in Russ. Fed.)	61.7%	
Ethnic affiliation	Tungus-Manchurian group	
National language	Negidal     2 dialects: ‘lower Amgun’ and ‘upper Amgun’ Negidal	
Affiliation of national language	Language family: Altaic	Group: Tungus-Manchurian	
Status of national language (1989) 	Mother tongue:  26.6%          	Speaking fluently:  31.4%	
Cultural centre(s)		
Aut. okrug(s) or ethnic territor. area(s) : Centre(s) : ethnic % of total district popul.	none	
Traditional culture	Sedentary taiga hunters and fishermen
Small-scale reindeer husbandry (for saddle animals)
Gathering	
Ethno-geography:
The Negidals live on the banks of the River Amgun in the Khabarovsk District and fall into two groups: the Lower Amgun and the Upper Amgun Negidals. Separate families can be found over a much wider area, even among the Oroks on Sakhalin. Negidal settlements are interplaced with Russian villages along the Amgun.
	Negidal people have had strong cultural influence of Nivkhi, Ulchi and Nanai elements. Later, elements of the Evenk forest culture were also adapted by the Upper Amgun Negidals. Intermarriage with other indigenous peoples was common.
	The Negidals lived traditionally in very small clans which later joined to larger alliances during the years of colonisation. As the Negidals did not have a fixed claim on certain traditional territories, collectivisation and forced relocation during the 1930s and 1940s had even larger considerable impacts on traditional lifestyle. 
	Like their small indigenous neighbours, the Nivkhi and Ulchi, the percentage of native language speakers extremely diminished during the 19th century and their cultural survival is severely threatened.	
Lifestyle and subsistence of rural population:
Fishing, predominantly of salmon, prevails among members of the lower subgroup. Seal hunting in the Sea of Okhotsk was common in the past. The upper subgroup combines fishing and hunting (trad. sable, later moose and deer) with supplementary reindeer husbandry. Reindeer are bred only for the purpose of tansportation, i.e. saddle animals, a tradition adopted from the Evenks. Gathering of wild herbs, mushrooms and berries is important. Manufacturing includes the processing and tanning of skins and the production of intricately ornamented clothes from skins, leather and fish skins.
	Since the end of the 19th century, potatoes were introduced and potato gardening, as well as other vegetable gardening and livestock breeding,  have become important new occupations.	
Present environmental threats	Pollution of the Amur River with phenols and heavy metals kills fish stocks and degrades the quality of the natural environment.	

Ulchi	
Self-designation(s) (singular, ISO spelling)	olči, nani	
“Official” name(s) (plural form)	Russ.: ульчи	Engl.: Ulchi	
Other names (plural form)	Russ.: мангуны	Engl.: Manguns	
Residence area(s)	Ulchskiy District on the lower Amur River banks	
Population 
(for USSR/Russia: census 1989 / 01.01.1998 statistics)	Russian Federation: 	3,173	2,439
Khabarovskiy Kray: 	2,733	2,433	
Rural population (% in Russ. Fed.)	72.4%	
Ethnic affiliation	Tungus-Manchurian group	
National language	Ulchi     close to Nanai language, by some regarded as a Nanai dialect	
Affiliation of national language	Language family: Altaic	Group: Tungus-Manchurian	
Status of national language (1989) 	Mother tongue:  30.7%          	Speaking fluently:  35.0%	
Cultural centre(s)	Bulava	
Aut. okrug(s) or ethnic territor. area(s) : Centre(s) : ethnic % of total district popul.	none	
Traditional culture	Fishing and hunting
Fur farming in Soviet era, replacing former fur animal trapping 	
Ethno-geography:
The Ulchi are related to the ancient population of the Lower Amur. They have a mixed origin of Nanai, Evenk, Manchu, Udege, Orochi, Orok and Nivkh tribes. A number of historical layers have been discerned within the material culture of the Ulchis which are associated with local ancient Palaeo-Asian, as well as with old Manchu and "common Tungus", culture. Russian colonization began first in 1850 but has since diluted Ulchi settlement. Soviet relocations concentrated most Ulchi people in the village of Bulava.  While population numbers have constantly been rising until 1989 (last census), the decrease of the number of native language speakers (from 85% in 1959 to 35% in 1989) is alarming.	
Lifestyle and subsistence of rural population:
The main occupation of the Ulchis was fishing, for which the River Amur and lakes offered ample source. Year-round fishing necessitated a rather settled lifestyle. Fish was the main food for the people, and it was also fed to the dogs, kept in large numbers for draught work. Hunting for furs was an additional occupation which sometimes yielded a good income - sables especially. For sables, some Ulchi co-operatives went hunting even to the island of Sakhalin, where some of them eventually settled. The Ulchis were also known to hunt marine animals in the Straits of Tatar. To get there, the Ulchis had to undertake a long journey via Lake Kiz and along various small rivers. 
	Russian large-scale commercial fishing in the Amur River forced later the Ulchi to compete and to develop their subsistence into a commercial branch. Because of the greatly increased scale of fishing, hunting became less important - there were also by this time far fewer fur animals on the Lower Amur. To earn a living, the Ulchis had to gradually learn jobs formerly unknown to them, such as land cultivation, mail transportation and forestry. Horse breeding and haymaking were also introduced. 
	Commercial overfishing reduced stocks and led to quota regulations severely affecting the indigenous population’s subsistence. Recent environmental damage has almost abolished the fishing trade and deprived peope of their customary diet.	
Present environmental threats	Pollution of the Amur River with phenols and heavy metals (Amur Cellulose Factory, Solnechny Mineral Concentration Factory, timber mill on Lake Kiz) kills fish stocks, degrades the quality of the natural environment and causes health problems. Fish stocks have been depleted by the factor of 20 from 1960 to 1990.
Felling of timber in water-protection zones has a detrimental effect on water regulation, affecting both fishing and transportation.	

Oroks	
Self-designation(s) (singular, ISO spelling)	ul'ta, ul'ča, ol'ča	
“Official” name(s) (plural form)	Russ.: ороки	Engl.: Oroks	
Other names (plural form)	Orochen      (therefore confused with Orochi in some statistics)	
Residence area(s)	Sakhalin, village Val (N) and Poronaysk district (S)	
Population 
(for USSR/Russia: census 1989 / 01.01.1998 statistics)	Russian Federation: 	179	5
Sakhalinskaya Oblast: 	129	5	
Rural population (% in Russ. Fed.)	15.1%	
Ethnic affiliation	Tungus-Manchurian group	
National language	Oroki	
Affiliation of national language	Language family: Altaic	Group: Tungus-Manchurian	
Status of national language (1989) 	Mother tongue:  44.7%          	Speaking fluently:  46.9%	
Cultural centre(s)	none	
Aut. okrug(s) or ethnic territor. area(s) : Centre(s) : ethnic % of total district popul.	none	
Traditional culture	Semi-nomadic reindeer husbandry
Fishing and hunting	
Ethno-geography:
The Orok oral tradition has references to a continental origin, settlement on the island, and reindeer breeding in the past. Probably the migration took place in the 17th century at the latest, from the area of the River Amgun. In the 1920s the North-Sakhalin Oroks were divided into five groups, each with their more-or-less established migratory zone. A peculiar habit of the Oroks was their regular visits to the continent to attend the Puli fair by the River Amur. By the Amur they used to meet the linguistically related Ulchi who were the only people to call the Oroks ul'cha or ol'cha, that is, by their own name. On Sakhalin the Oroks were in close proximity to the Ainu, the Nivkhs and the Evenks.
	The North-Sakhalin Oroks joined the collective farm Val, established in 1932 and specialized in reindeer breeding. The farm also contains Nivkhs, Evenks and Russians. Russian-type log cabins are the main form of dwelling. Only the herdsmen lead a nomadic life. 
	The South-Sakhalin Oroks live in the villages of Rechnoye (formerly Naiputu) and Ustye near the town of Poronaysk. Formerly, they lived in the taiga but having liquidated their herds for economic reasons, they settled on the coast and took to fishing at the turn of the century. Until 1945 this part of the island belonged to Japan. According to estimates, there were about 160--170 Oroks living there in 1960. 
	The Oroks inhabit villages of standardised dwellings together with Nanais, Nivkhs and Russians. The main occupation is fishing but there are also people employed in industry. Only a few items, mainly clothing and fishing gear, have been preserved from the old culture. The cultural survival is particularly endangered because of their very low number.	
Lifestyle and subsistence of rural population:
The Oroks differ sharply from their closely related neighbours, the Orochi and Ulchi, in regard to their economy based on reindeer breeding. Their attachment to the reindeer has even given occasion to regard them as an Evenki subgroup. Fishing has also shaped the Orok mode of life - to adjust themselves to this occupation they had to modify their nomadic habits to an extent compliant with its more stationary demands. Hunting game and sea mammals was also practised. In spring the reindeer and winter tents were left behind in the taiga and the people settled on the coast or near an estuary. From there they moved upriver in autumn to catch more fish and gather the reindeer.
	For the northern Oroks, vegetable farming and cattle breeding are the new occupations gaining ground. Hunting sea animals and fishing are of relatively modest importance. The main occupation of the southern Oroks is fishing but there are also people employed in industry.	
Present environmental threats	Decrease of fish stocks due to oil development.	

Nanais	
Self-designation(s) (singular, ISO spelling)	nani, nanaj	
“Official” name(s) (plural form)	Russ.: нанайцы	Engl.: Nanais	
Other names (plural form)	Russ.: гольды	Engl.: Golds 	others: Khodso, Akani (in China)	
Residence area(s)	Banks of the Amur River (Khabarovskiy Kray and adjacent area in China). 	
Population 
(for USSR/Russia: census 1989 / 01.01.1998 statistics)	Total number (incl. China):	c. 16,000
Russian Federation: 	11,883	8,280
Khabarovskiy Kray: 	10,582	7,992
Sakhalinskaya Oblast: 	173	14	
Rural population (% in Russ. Fed.)	60.8%	
Ethnic affiliation	Tungus-Manchurian group	
National language	Nanai     2 distinct dialects, Upper and Lower Amur	
Affiliation of national language	Language family: Altaic	Group: Tungus-Manchurian	
Status of national language (1989) 	Mother tongue:  44.1%          	Speaking fluently:  49.4%	
Cultural centre(s)		
Aut. okrug(s) or ethnic territor. area(s) : Centre(s) : ethnic % of total district popul.	none	
Traditional culture	Fishing and hunting	
Ethno-geography:
The Nanais are supposed to represent the – although Tungus-influenced – neolithic native population of the Lower Amur. At the turn of the 18th to 19th century, Nanai settlements were scattered for more than 600 km along the River Amur and for about 100 km along its tributaries. The groups had no cultural or linguistic unity. They led a fairly isolated life and their contacts with each other were undeveloped. The Nanais on the River Girin were even considered to be a separate people. The Nanais lacked a self-designation as well as a common identity, as was characteristic for most Lower Amur peoples.
	The Nanais live on the banks of the Amur River, mainly downstream from the city of Khabarovsk down to the area around Komsomolsk-na-Amure, as well as on the banks of the Ussuri and the Girin rivers (the Samagir subgroup). These are the districts of Nanaysk, Khabarovsk and Komsomolsk. They also inhabit a part of northeast China on the River Sungar. In the Russian Federation, at least ten separate subgroups were known dispersed to the north of the River Amur. In China, similarly, Nanai settlements are scattered widely.
	A few Nanai live in the Primorskiy Kray and on Sakhalin.	
Lifestyle and subsistence of rural population:
The traditional Nanai economy was based on two main branches: fishing in the Amur River valley, and hunting along its tributaries. The Nanai way of life depended on the movement of different varieties of fish in the river. The same applied to hunting. In winter, animals were hunted for fur, whereas in spring and summer, it was time to hunt for food. Dogs were used for hauling goods though the Nanais of the Akani group bred horses. 
	The seasonal character of fishing and hunting necessitated the emergence of special winter and summer settlements, with appropriate types of dwelling. The Amur Nanais had a peculiar semi-circular summer house made of birch bark. Various dugouts were used for winter dwellings. The Russians taught the Nanais to build log cabins.
	Grain cultivation was early adapted from the Chinese. From the Chinese and the Manchus they also learned the skill of metalworking. Among the other Lower Amur peoples, Nanais are famous for their metal work. Nanai decorative art is well developed, especially ornamentation. 
	The kolkhozes have been adapted to profitable land cultivation and livestock breeding, as a result of loss of fishing grounds in the severely polluted Amur River. 	
Present environmental threats	Pollution of the Amur River kills fish stocks and degrades the quality of the natural environment.
Wildlife depletion and resulting hunting and fishing restrictions severely endangers traditional subsistence and diet.	

Orochi	
Self-designation(s) (singular, ISO spelling)	nani, oročicel	
“Official” name(s) (plural form)	Russ.: орочи	Engl.: Orochi 	
Other names (plural form)	orochon	
Residence area(s)	Southern Khabarovskiy Kray, particularly at the Tumnin River	
Population 
(for USSR/Russia: census 1989 / 01.01.1998 statistics)	Russian Federation: 	883	601
Khabarovskiy Kray: 	499	371
Sakhalinskaya Oblast: 	212	129	
Rural population (% in Russ. Fed.)	53.1%	
Ethnic affiliation	Tungus-Manchurian group	
National language	Orochi	
Affiliation of national language	Language family: Altaic	Group: Tungus-Manchurian	
Status of national language (1989) 	Mother tongue:  17.8%          	Speaking fluently:  20.3%	
Cultural centre(s)	Usjka-Russkaya, Kopp, Omm	
Aut. okrug(s) or ethnic territor. area(s) : Centre(s) : ethnic % of total district popul.	none	
Traditional culture	Hunting and fishing	
Ethno-geography:
The Orochi live dispersed in the southern part of the Khabarovskiy Kray, particularly on the lower reaches of the Tumnin River (Usjka, Usjka-Russkaya), but also on the Amur and Kopp rivers. In the wide area between the Lower Amur and the Tatarsk Strait there used to be numerous small Orochi settlements for winter and summer use, divided into five territorial groups. In a search for better fishing grounds and hunting forests there were migrations to the River Amur and Sakhalin Island in the 19th century. In the first decades of the 20th century the Orochi left the coast of the Sea of Japan for regions inland, seeking refuge from the war.	
Lifestyle and subsistence of rural population:
The traditional means of subsistence for the Orochi has been fishing and hunting. In coastal regions the Orochi have also practiced hunting sea animals. Breeding sledge dogs was a widespread occupation. Agriculture was introduced only at the beginning of the 20th century by the Russians. Though the same occupations have persisted, their relative importance has changed considerably. 
	The Orochi are a more-or-less settled people among whom only the hunters led a more vagrant life. This differentiates them clearly from their nomadic kindred people, the Udege. Formerly, the seasonal nature of fishing and hunting necessitated the erection of summer and winter settlements. Their modes of construction differed greatly -- bark dwellings sufficed for the summer while sod huts cased inside with timber were built for the winter. The hunters erected conical tents covered with grass in winter. Russian-type log cabins were introduced towards the end of the 19th century. 
	Vegetable farming and animal husbandry have become the main occupations in the villages. Some people are still engaged in fishing and hunting, however, shooting animals for fur is strictly regulated by licence system and a general decrease in the numbers of fish and wildlife sets additional restrictions. Ethnic traditions have persisted to an extent in clothing and in diet. 	
Present environmental threats	Wildlife depletion and resulting hunting and fishing restrictions severely endangers traditional subsistence and diet.	

Udege	
Self-designation(s) (singular, ISO spelling)	udėė, udėhė, udihė	
“Official” name(s) (plural form)	Russ.: удэгейцы	Engl.: Udegey, Udege	
Other names (plural form)	Kekar	
Residence area(s)	southernmost Khabarovskiy Kray and northern part of Primorskiy Kray	
Population 
(for USSR/Russia: census 1989 / 01.01.1998 statistics)	Russian Federation: 	1,902	1,116
Primorskiy Kray: 	766	702
Khabarovskiy Kray: 	697	412	
Rural population (% in Russ. Fed.)	62.4%	
Ethnic affiliation	Tungus-Manchurian group	
National language	Udege     3 dialects	
Affiliation of national language	Language family: Altaic	Group: Tungus-Manchurian	
Status of national language (1989) 	Mother tongue:  24.3%          	Speaking fluently:  31.2%	
Cultural centre(s)		
Aut. okrug(s) or ethnic territor. area(s) : Centre(s) : ethnic % of total district popul.	none	
Traditional culture	Nomadic hunting
Gathering 
Fishing (subsidiary)	
Ethno-geography:
The Udege have a complex origin with Palaeo-Siberian and Machurian/Chinese elements. In the 19th century, they used to live in eight territorial groups over a vast area between the rivers Ussuri and Amur and the Sea of Japan. They had no common ethnic identity. 
	Today, the Udege are scattered over an extensive area in the southernmost Khabarovskiy Kray and in the Ussuri taiga, in the northern part of the Primorskiy Kray. They have no compact settled area. They live in the neighbourhood of the Nanais and the Nivkhs and in places are mixed with them.
	The southern subgroup, the Taz in the Olgino district (southern Primorskiy Kray), who once were heading linguistically toward Chinese, are now almost entirely russified. in the 1950s there were about 300 of them. 
	It was customary for the Udege to live dispersed, in separate families, and to move often, according to the areas being hunted. Influenced by the Nanai, in the19th century the first permanent settlements began to grow on the River Anyui. The Taz were settled. More permanent Udege settlements developed after the 1930s, when the forcible collectivization of households began. This was completed in about 1937. At present there are nine Udege settlements all located some distance apart. Resettlement caused many families to have to change their mode of living, for example, from hunting to land cultivation and animal breeding. This transformation was hastened by the diminishing area of the hunting grounds, caused by the felling of timber (especially in the Primorskiy Kray). This was the reason for the constant resettling of the Udege from their native areas into the Khabarovskiy Kray.	
Lifestyle and subsistence of rural population:
The Udege's way of life was closely connected with their taiga forest and hunting. This necessitated a more mobile lifestyle. In spite of their nomadic life the Udege and Orochi did not raise reindeer, a fact which distinctly separated them from many other taiga peoples. The primary object of hunting was gaining furs and meat, though obtaining the antlers was also essential. The antlers were sold to the Chinese. The Chinese also bought the root of the ginseng plant which grew in the Ussuri taiga; searching for this plant was one of the vital occupations of the Udege.
	Unlike other Amur peoples, fishing played a less important part in their life. And only the southern Taz, following the example of the Chinese, tilled their fields in the coastal river basins. 	
Present environmental threats	Timber industry destroys hunting grounds, depriving the Udege of their subsistence and traditional diet.	

NOTES

2nd Festival of Ethnographic Films

The festival of films will take place in Salekhard in the beginning of autumn this year. The organizer of this festival is the National Association of Television and Radio Broadcasting. The programme will include competitions of films, television programmes and research projects. The main goal of the festival is to foster the production and distribution of documentary cinema and video information about the life of the numerous communities which are distinguished by unique ethnic, historical and religious characteristics.
Oleg Syugney

Increase in number of reindeer in Chukotka

Anadyr, Chukotka, 22.06.00. The calving campaign in the reindeer breeding farms of Chukotka is completed. The overall stock of deer, which before the beginning of calving totalled 90 thousand head, has grown by almost 35 thousand. The parameters of the present calving campaign are much higher than last year's. This year 66.2 calves were produced pr. 100 mother deers, as opposed to last year's figure of 56.6. The survival percentage of new-born calves has risen. This year’s loss was only 6%, whereas last year the loss was 26%. If these tendencies persist, as agricultrural experts predict, then in two or three years reindeer breeding in Chukotka will have overcome the deep crisis it has been experiencing.
Yevgeniy Rozhkov, Nezavisimaya Gazeta

Self-administration "Ugoyan"

Until recently, only two administative bodies nominated the local administrations in Yakutiya, Magan and Zhatay. On 18 February, after long preparations, a motion on "Local Administration" was passed to the section Ugoyan Belletskogo in the Aldan District. The question of creating a local Evenk municipal body, "Ugoyan", was discussed on 4 August 1999. On that occasion, an initiating group for the project was formed*. 
	In September 1999, the new administrative body was established. At the same time, the boundaries of the territory of self-administration, administrative regulations, etc. were settled. B.A. Nikolaev was elected delegate of the local Evenk administration to the "Evenk Association" of the Republic of Sakha. The situation stayed mainly the same, apart from the fact that the local administrative leaders from now on would be elected. On 6 April 2000, Egor Petrovich Kirillin, Director of the secondary school, was elected chairman out of two candidates after three days of heavy public discussions*. 
	Difficult work is awaiting the newly elected self-administration. The long-lasting infrastructure cutoff of the village Ugoyan from the world and lack of telecommunication (communication is performed by radio transmission) define the conditions under which school, hospital and communal economy must be run. There is the hope that the new self-administration will be able to improve these conditions. Let us wish them success!
F.S. Popov, managing board member of "Evenk 
Association"
*Details left out by translator.

Northern Sea Route Database available from INSROP

The International Northern Sea Route Programme (INSROP) was a 6-year Norwegian-Russian-Japanese research endeavor to assess all relevant aspects of possible, future, international shipping on the Northern Sea Route (NSR). 
	As part of the project, a large NSR database was assembled. Close to 200 data sets were included, divided into 15 categories: Base Cartography, Coastal Zone, Environmental Impacts, Environmental Impact Assessment, Ice and Snow, Icing on structures at sea, Indigenous Peoples, Infrastructure, Marine Birds, Marine and Anadromous Fish and Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Meteorology, Navigation, Ocean and Rivers, Administrative Boundaries.
	The database is organized as a geographical information system (GIS), with all data being geo-referenced, suitable for map presentation. In order to use the INSROP GIS database, the software ArcView 3.0a (or newer) running on Windows 95 or Windows NT 4.0 (or newer) is required. 
	This database is the largest, systematized body of data ever collected about the Northern Sea Route, and would be of unique value to researchers and others interested in the marine/coastal areas of the Russian Arctic. 
	Even more information about the INSROP GIS can be found at:
http://www.fni.no/insrop/INSROPGIS.htm and general information about INSROP and the 167 published INSROP Working Papers can be found at:
http://www.fni.no/insrop/ .
	The database is available on a CD-ROM, which is sold at a cost for NOK 110 (approximately USD 13). It is recommended to also buy the INSROP GIS User's Guide and System Documentation as well as the "INSROP GIS Data Set Documentation & Information Structure". With these two reports included, the "INSROP GIS Package" can be obtained for NOK 480 (approx. USD 55) + postage from:

The INSROP Secretariat
c/o Fridtjof Nansen Institute
P.O.Box 326, N-1326 Lysaker, Norway
Fax: +47 67111910
Sentralbord@fni.no

AMAP reports available on-line

The Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) was established in June 1991 by the Ministers of the eight Arctic countries (Canada, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Federation of Russia, Sweden and U.S.A.) as a part of the Arctic Environmental Protection Strategy (AEPS). In 1997, together with other programme groups established under the AEPS, it became part of the Arctic Council responsibility.
	AMAP documents are available as pdf files on the AMAP Web page: http://www.amap.no, under "Online Documents." If you would like to receive a hard copy instead, please inform the Secretariat1. Some of the former AMAP documents are not yet available as pdf files and are only listed on the AMAP Publication List. However, if you would like to receive a hard copy, please contact the Secretariat.
	AMAP Publications are free of charge, except the "AMAP Assessment Report: Arctic Pollution Issues" (AAR) which is the scientific, fully referenced report of AMAP's first assessment (ca. 900 pages) and the "Arctic Pollution Issues: The State of the Arctic Environment Report" (SOAER) (ca. 180 pages), which is a popularised, four-coloured short version of the AAR2. The price of the AAR is ca. USD 100 and ca. USD 40 for the SOAER, freight charges not included. The Secretariat would also like to inform you that the AAR is also available on CD-ROM.

1For communication see address list in the end of this volume.
2For complete references see NNSIPRA Bulletin nos. 1 and 2.

BOOK REVIEWS:

MEDICAL ANTHROPOLOGY OF THE INDIGENOUS POPULATION OF THE RUSSIAN NORTH
Authors: A.I. Kozlov & G.G. Vershuvskaya
M. Ed. MNĖPU, 1999
Under the influence of natural climatic conditions for the indigenous inhabitants of the Arctic, Subarctic, continental Siberia and the Far East, a specific complex of medico-biological characteristics has developed. Modern lifestyle changes conflict with traditional lifestyles, including physical activities and food supplies of indigenous northerners. As a result, ”civilisation diseases” - obesity, high blood pressure, arteriosclerosis, ischaemic heart diseases, diabetes – are on the rise among the indigenous people of the North. The book thoroughly describes the medico-biological characteristics of indigenous northerners, and discusses what needsto be taken into account in medical, pedagogical and social work practices.
	The editors of ANSIPRA would like to emphasise that the book regards the supply of traditional food as a necessity for the northerners; the shortage of traditional food negatively affects their health conditions.

POLAR RESEARCH SPECIAL ISSUE: HUMAN ROLE IN REINDEER/CARIBOU SYSTEMS
Polar Research, vol. 19, no. 1
Published by the Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromsø, Norway
142 pp.
Proceedings of the Human Role in Reindeer/Caribou Systems Workshop, held in Rovaniemi, Finland, on 10-14 February 1999, are now being published as a special issue of Polar Research, the international, peer-reviewed journal of the Norwegian Polar Institute. This special issue contains 16 papers representing the workshop's themes: Hunting Systems; Reindeer Herding; Rangeland Habitat Protection; Minimizing Industrial Development Conflicts; Effects of Global Change; and Protecting Indigenous Cultures. The table of contents can be accessed via
http://www.npolar.no/e/Products/Polar_Research. Direct orders to: sales@npolar.no.

THE PEOPLES OF THE NORTH OF RUSSIA ON THE WAY TO A NEW MILLENNIUM
Original title: Северные народы России на пути в новое тысячилетие.
Edited by Pavel Sulyandziga (RAIPON) and Olga Murashko (IWGIA Moscow)
224 pp.
This offers very comprehensive information regarding the status of the indigenous peoples of the Russian North and Far East, also focusing on legislation and indigenous organisation. An English translation of this book is planned.

THE PEOPLES OF THE RUSSIAN NORTH: THE RIGHT TO HEALTH
Original title: Народы Севера России: право на здоровье. 
Author: Larisa Abryutina 
Moscow 1999
262 pp.
ISBN 5-87789-100-3
The book describes health and accessible health care for the small-numbered indigenous peoples as an important part of the struggle for solving physical and psychological problems and issues of social revival. New strategies in this struggle are outlined.

PRESENT DAY PROBLEMS OF THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OF THE NORTH
Original title: Современные проблемы коренных народов Севера. 
Author: Sergey N. Kharyuchi
103 pp.
ISBN: 5-7511-1086-2
This is a collection of articles and speeches by the president of RAIPON.

LEGAL ANTHROPOLOGY. LAW AND LIFE
Original title: Юридическая аитропология. Закон и жизн.
Edited by the Russian Academy of Sciences 
220 pp.
For the first time Russian scholars have compiled a monograph about legal issues of special interest to the indigenous peoples of Russia: traditional rights, man as a subject of law, legal pluralism, legal aspects of traditional land use, etc. 

Useful internet addresses

Arctic Council 
arctic-council.usgs.gov/
Arctic Council Indigenous Peoples’ Secretariat 
www.arcticpeoples.org
RAIPON 
www.raipon.org
L'auravetl'an Indigenous Information Centre 
www.indigenous.ru
Arctic Peoples' Alert 
www.hello.to/arctica
Fonds Mondial pour la sauvegarde des Cultures Autochtones, Commission "Sibérie, Aïnous et Peuples du Nord" 
www.multimania.com/ccmm
Scott Polar Research Inst., section on Russian North 
julia.eki.ee/books/redbook/index1.shtml
Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme 
www.amap.no

MEETINGS

International Youth Seminar “Indigenous Peoples and Environment of the Russian Arctic (SIPERA)”
Time:	4-6 September 2000
Place: 	Tomsk, Russia
Organizers: 	Russian Association of Indigenous Peoples of the North (RAIPON) 	
	Association of indigenous people of the North of the Tomsk region “Kolta Kup”
Funded by: 	Danish Environmental Protection Agency (DEPA)
Objectives:	The purpose of the seminar is to identify economic, social and environmental problems of the indigenous communities of the Russian North, to specify the key problems related to oil and gas development in the subsistence areas, to establish a dialogue between governmental and non-governmental organizations and industrial companies, and to raise awareness on the current regional ecological problems among the indigenous people. Particular attention should be paid to the consideration of the rights of indigenous people, namely indigenous youth, and the need of assessments.
	The seminar will discuss the information presented by the participants. Discussions will take place in working groups, which also will develop recommendations and specific proposals to be discussed in plenary. The main aim is to discuss solutions for the future and to point out the role of the youth in the indigenous environmental movement.
Agenda:
1.	Information on Arctic Environment Protection Strategy. The questions about participants’ different parties and functioning projects within the framework of this programme (the plenary meeting). 
2.	Presentation of regional environmental and social-economic problems or local conflicts on the North, Siberia and the Russian Far East. Each presentation should be topical and no longer than 10 minutes.
3.	The Fair of Project Proposals prepared by the participants of the conference. Information concerning regional competitions and programmes of charity funds.
4.	Discussions based on the regional presentaions. Drafting of recommendations for further actions to solve the regional problems and elaborate specific project proposals (working groups).
5.	Endorsing the recommendations and development of the programme for youth participation in the solution of the environmental problems of the Russian North. (Round table discussion with the various stakeholders.)
6.	Press conference.
Seminar co-ordinator in Russia:
Pavel Sulyandziga, RAIPON Vice-President
117415 Moscow, Prospekt Vernadskogo, 37, korp.2, office 527
Ph: +7 (095) 930 44 68; fax: +7 (095) 930 44 68; E-mail: udege@glasnet.ru

Arctic Science 2000 Conference
Time:	21-24 September 2000
Place: 	Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada 
Organizers: 	American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Objectives: 	The 51st Arctic science conference of the American Association for the Advancement of Science is accepting abstracts for oral presentations and posters. The conference theme is "Crossing Borders: Science and Community". The conference is hosted by the Yukon Science Institute.
Agenda: 		Local, Traditional and Science-based Knowledge; Science Policy and International Initiatives; Co-management; Science Education; Communicating Science in the North; Community-based Monitoring and Research; Global Change; Climate Change in Kluane-St. Elias; Environmental Protection; Wildlife; Paleoecology; Permafrost; Water Resources; Science, Tourism and Northern Economies; Science at a Distance: new technologies and the North.
Deadlines: 	Abstracts: 1 August; Early registration: 21 August
Information:	http://www.taiga.net/arctic2000
Contacts:	E-mail: arctic2000@taiga.net; Ph. (+1) 867- 6335269

Arctic Council Meeting Schedule (selected meetings):

UN Working Group on Indigenous Populations
Time:	24-28 July 2000
Place:	Geneva, Switzerland
Information:	www.unhchr.ch/html/calen2000.htm

4th Conference of Parliamentarians of the Arctic Region
Time:	27-29 August 2000
Place:	Rovaniemi, Finland
Topics:	The work of the Arctic Council; Capacity building in the Arctic; Financing sustainable development.
Contacts:	Standing Committee of Parliamentarians of the Arctic Region, Parliament of Finland, International Department, FIN-00102 Eduskunta, Helsinki, Finland, Mr Guy Lindstrøm, Deputy Director
	Ph: + 358-9-432 3501

12th Inuit Studies Conference
Time:	23-26 August 2000
Place:	Aberdeen, Scotland
Topics:	Inuit communities; Indigenous Knowledge; Climate Change; Resource development; Sustainability; Whaling; Information technology; Education, Language; Identity; Tourism; Culture; Arctic economy.
Contacts:	Dr. Mark Nuttall, Dept. of Sociology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3QY, Scotland, UK. 
	E-mail: inuitstudies@abdn.ac.uk

5th Boreal Forest of the World Conference
Time:	17-22 September 2000
Place:	Moscow, Russia
Organizer:	Taiga Rescue Network
Information:	See separate folder. http://www.snf.se/TRN
Contacts:	Dima Aksenov, Socio-Ecological Union, Moscow, Russia. 
	Ph./Fax.: +7 095 124 7934/+7 095 124 7178. E-mail: picea@online.ru

17th Saami Conference
Time:	28-30 Septemebr 2000
Place:	Kiruna, Sweden
Topics:	The Saami Conference is held every 4 years. The theme of the 17th Conference will be "Self Determination". In addition to official Saami delegations, a large number of Saami representing different interest groups and organizations will participate in the Conference, as well as individuals with interest in and comitment to Saami matters and questions pertaining to indigenous peoples in general. During the whole week Saami culture will be on display in different forms.
Contacts:	Saami Council Secretariat, Utsjoki, Finland. Ph./Fax.: +358 16 677 351 / +358 16 677 353
	E-mail: samiradd@netti.fi

Arctic Council SAO (Senior Arctic Officials) Meeting
Time:	10-11 October 2000
Place:	Barrow, Alaska, U.S.A.
Contacts:	Contact: Arctic Council Secretariat, Washington, U.S.A. 
	Ph./Fax.: +1 202 647 3264/+1 202 647 4353. E-mail: dalessandrorx@state.gov

UN Working Group on the Declaration of Indigenous Peoples
Time:	16-27 October 2000
Place:	Geneva, Switzerland
Information:	www.unhchr.ch/html/calen2000.htm

1st Meeting of the Northern Research Forum
Time:	2-4 Novemeber 2000
Place:	Akureyri, Iceland
Topics:	Main theme "North meets North", will have 5 subthemes: 1) Relevance of history to contemporary issues of peace and security; 2) Northern Economies in the global economy; 3) Regionalism and governance; 4) Implementation of northern dimension, 5) Science and technology application in the North. Each of the subthemes will have links and relations to indigenous perspectives and sustainable development. The Steering Committee of NRF expects ca. 80-100 participants.
Contacts:	Thorleifur Björnsson, E-mail: tolli@unak.is

CONTACTS AND ADDRESSES – КОНТАКТЫ И АДРЕСА

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS / ORGANISATIONS
МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЯ / ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ_________________________________________________________

Aleut International Association (Международная Ассоциация Алеутов)
201 East Third Avenue
AK-99501, Anchorage
Alaska, USA
ph./тел. (+1) 907-276 2700
Flore Lekanof Sr.
fax/факс (+1) 907-279 4351 
floresr@chugach.net

AMAP (Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme, Программа Арктического Мониторинга и Оценки)
Pb. 8100 Dep.
Strømsveien 96
N-0032 Oslo
ph./тел. (+47) 22 57 34 00
fax/факс (+47) 22 67 67 06
Lars-Otto Reiersen
ph./тел. (+47) 22 57 35 44
lars-otto.reiersen@amap.telemax.no

Barentssekretariatet (Secretariat of the Barents EuroArctic Region, Секретариат ЕвроАрктического Баренц Региона) Det regionale urfolksutvalget (Regional Committee for the Indigenous Peoples, Региональный Комитет Коренных Народов)
Wiullsgate 3
Pb. 276
N-9901 Kirkenes
ph./тел. (+47) 78 97 70 50
fax/факс (+47) 78 97 70 55
barsek@barsek.no
Alf Nystad
alfn@barsek.no

CAFF Secretariat
Hafnarstraeti 97
ISL-600 Akureyri
ph./тел. (+354) 462 3350
fax/факс (+354) 462 3390
caff@ni.is
Snorri Baldursson
snorri@ni.is
Lyubov Anissimova
lyuba@ni.is
Olga Palsdottir
olga@ni.is

IASC (International Arctic Science Committee, Международный Арктический Научный Комитет)
Strømsveien 96 
N-0032 Oslo
ph./тел. (+47) 22 57 37 35
fax/факс (+47) 22 57 37 40
iasc@iasc.no
Odd Rogne

IASC/IASSA (International Arctic Social Sciences Association; Международная Арктическая Ассоциация общественных наук)
Prehistory Department
University of Neuchatel
52, Pierre-à-Mazel
CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland 
Yvon Csonka 
ph./fax-тел./факс (+41) 32-721 22 04
ph./fax-тел./факс (+41) 32-725 60 08
ycsonka@vtx.ch

ICC (Inuit Circumpolar Conference, Циркумполярная Конференция Инуитов)
P.O.Box 204
DK-3900 Nuuk
GREENLAND
ph./тел. (+299) 32 36 32 
fax/факс (+299) 32 30 01
iccgreen@greennet.gl
Aqqaluk Lynge

ICC (Inuit Circumpolar Conference, Циркумполярная Конференция Инуитов)
Suite 504
170 Laurier Ave.W.
Ottawa, Ontario
CDN - K1P 5VA
ph./тел. (+1) 613 563-2442
fax/факс (+1) 613 565-3089
tuktu@magi.com
Corinne Gray

ICC (Inuit Circumpolar Conference, Циркумполярная Конференция Инуитов)
Suite 203
401 E. Northern Lights Blvd. 
AK-99503, Anchorage
Alaska, USA
ph./тел. (+1) 907 274-9058
fax/факс (+1) 907 274-3861

ICC (Inuit Circumpolar Conference, Циркумполярная Конференция Инуитов)
RUS-686710 Анадыр
Чукотка 
ph./тел. (+7) 427 224 2665
fax/факс (+7) 427 224 2919

Indigenous Peoples’ Secretariat (IPS), Arctic Council (Секретариат Коренных Народов Арктического Совета)
Pilestræde 52
POB. 2151
DK-1016 København K
ph./тел. (+45) 33 69 34 98
fax/факс (+45) 33 69 34 99
ips@ghsdk.dk
Tove Søvndahl Petersen
TSP@ghsdk.dk
Alona Yefimenko
ayefimenko@hotmail.com
Marianne Johansen
MarianneS.Johansen@ghsdk.dk

IWGIA (International Working Group on Indigenous Affairs, Международная Рабочая Группа по Делам Коренных Народов)
Fiolstrædet 10
DK-1171 København
ph./тел. (+45) 33 12 47 24
fax/факс (+45) 33 14 77 49
Jens Dahl
jd@iwgia.org
Annette Dühring
duhring@teliamail.dk
IWGIA (International Working Group on Indigenous Affairs, Международная Рабочая Группа по Делам Коренных Народов)
Box 1092
S-221 01 Lund
iwgia.lund@swipnet.se
Eva Carlsson

IWGIA (International Working Group on Indigenous Affairs, Международная Рабочая Группа по Делам Коренных Народов)
RUS-117574 Москва 
проезд. Одоевского 7,5,595
Olga Murashko
ph./тел. (+7) 095-423 6140 (дом./home)
murkre@aha.ru
Irina Pokrovskaya
RUS-119270 Москва
P.O.Box 602
ph./тел. (+7) 095-242 1527
terpok@orc.ru

Sámi Parlamentáralaš Ráđđi (Saami Paliamentary Assembly, Парламентская Ассамблея Саамов)
Pb. 340
N-9520 Guovdageaidnu / Kautokeino
ph./тел. (+47) 78 48 66 66
fax/факс (+47) 78 48 65 66
samiparl@online.no
Nils Thomas Utsi

Sámiráđđi (Samerådet, Saami Council, Совет Саами)
FIN-99980 Ohcejohka/Utsjoki
ph./тел. (+358) 16 677 351
fax/факс (+358) 16 677 353
samiradd@netti.fi
Lars Anders Bær
Sámiráđđi, P.O. Box 200
S-96225 Jokkmokk
ph./тел. (+46) 971 12408, (+46) 908 78030
fax/факс (+46) 971 12637
Ann-Kristin Håkanson
FIN-99980 Ohcejohka/Utsjoki
ph./тел. (+358) 16 677 351
fax/факс (+358) 16 677 353
Leif Halonen
N-9520 Guovdageaidnu / Kautokeino
ph./тел. (+47) 78 48 58 00
fax/факс (+47) 78 48 58 90
Anne Nuorgam
FIN-99980 Ohcejohka/Utsjoki
ph./тел. (+358) 40-53 43 316
ph./тел. (+358) 16-34 58 68
fax/факс (+358) 16-34 12 777
anuorgam@levi.urova.fi

Taiga Rescue Network (Сеть Спасения Тайги)	
Box 116, Ajtte	
S-962 23 Jokkmokk
ph./тел. (+46) 971 170 39 
fax/факс (+46) 971 120 57
taiga@ajtte.com
Elisa Peter 
elisa.peter@ajtte.com

WHO (World Health Organization, ВОЗ – Всемирная Организация Здравоохранения)
Headquarters 
Avenue Appia 20
CH-1211 Geneva 27
Paolo Hartmann
ph./тел. (+41) 22-791 2735
fax/факс (+41) 22-791 0746
hartmannp@who.int

WWF (World Wide Fund for Nature, Фонд Дикой Природы)
Av. du MontBlanc
1196 Gland
Switzerland
Gonzalo Oviedo 
head, people and conservation (глава, проект: население и природоохрана)

WWF (World Wide Fund for Nature, Фонд Дикой Природы), Danish section
Ryesgade 3F
DK-2200 København N
ph./тел. +45-35 36 36 36
fax/факс +45-31 39 20 62wwf-Denmark@wwfnotice.infonet.com
Anne Marie Mikkelsen 
WWF (World Wide Fund for Nature, фонд Дикой Природы), Norwegian section
Kr. Augusts gate 7A
Pb. 6784 St. Olavs plass
N-0130 Oslo 
ph./тел. (+47) 22 03 65 00
fax/факс (+47) 22 20 06 66 
Peter Prokosch
peterp@online.no

UNEP/GRID-Arendal (United Nations Environmental Programme / Global Resources Information Database; Программа ООН по Окружающей Среде / Глобальная Информационная база Данных о Ресурсах)
Longum Park
Pb. 1602 Myrene
N-4801 Arendal
ph./тел. (+47) 37 03 56 50
fax/факс (+47) 37 03 50 50
Svein Tveitdal
tveitdal@grida.no
Lars Kullerud
kullerud@grida.no
Polar Programme Manager (Менеджер 
Программы Заполярья)

David Henry
c/o Canada Centre for Remote Sensing
Room 403, 588 Booth Street,
CDN-Ottawa K1A 0Y7, Ont.
ph./тел. (+1) 613 995 2042
fax/факс (+1) 613 947 1383
dhenry@nrcan.gc.ca
Ass. Polar Programme Manager (Зам. Менеджера Программы Заполярья)

YWAM (Youth With A Mission; Миссия Молодежи)
P.O.Box 82229
AK 99708-2229, Fairbanks,
Alaska, USA 
ywam@alaska.net
Bodil Henriksen 
Egil Rønningstad
Borgen
N-9046 Oteren
EgilnMonica@xc.org

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
RUSSIAN FEDERATION
РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ________________________________________________________________________________________

INDIGENOUS PEOPLES' ORGANISATIONS
ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ КОРЕННЫХ НАРОДОВ 

Ассоциация коренных народов Севера, Сибири и Дальнего Востока (АКМНС) (Russian Association of Indigenous Peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East; RAIPON)
RUS-117415 г. Москва
пр. Вернадского 37, 
корпус 2, офис 527
ph./тел. (+7) 095 9304468 
ph./тел. (+7) 095 9389597 / 9527
fax/факс (+7) 095 9304468 
fax/факс (+7) 095 9389527
Харючи Сергей Николаевич (Sergey M. Kharyuchi)
Суляндзнга Павел Васильевич (Pavel V. Sulyandziga)
udege@glasnet.ru
Кириллин Сергей Михайлович (Sergey N. Kirillin)
Семёнова Тамара (Tamara Semyonova)
stam@glasnet.ru
Тодышев Михаил Анатольевич (Mikhail A. Todyshev)
RUS-654066 г. Новокузнецк 
Кемеровской обл.
Транспортная ул.
ph./тел. (+7) 3843 472794
fax/факс (+7) 3843 468446
root@shor.nkz.ru

Депутатская Ассамблея коренных малочисленных народов Севера (Deputy Assembly of the Indigenous Peoples of the North)
Айпин Еремей Данилович (Eremey D. Aypin)
ph./тел. (+7) 095 4155406

Международная Лига малочисленных народов и этнических групп (International League of Indigenous Peoples and Ethnic Groups)
RUS-Москва
Рублевское шоссе, дом 34
ph./тел. (+7) 095 4137695
ph./тел. (+7) 4232 315997
Гаер Евдокия Александровна (Evdokia A. Gaer)

Региональное общественное объединение “Северное содружество” Московское отд. АКМНС (Regional Public Union “Northern Сommonwealth”, Moscow Branch of RAIPON)
109316 Москва, 
ул. Стройковского 8, к. 53
ph./тел. (+7) 095 2929431
fax/факс (+7) 095 2929431
Пушкарёва Елена Тимофеевна (Elena T. Pushkareva)
Теленкова Валентина Павловна (Valentina P. Telenkova)

Санкт-Петербургское отделение АКМНС (RAIPON Branch of Sankt-Petersburg)
RUS-195274 г. Санкт Петербург
пр. Луначарского д. 81, корп. 1, кв. 110
ph./тел. (+7) 812 2184211 
fax/факс (+7) 812 5910022
Булатова Надежда Яковлевна (Nadezhda Ya. Bulatova)
ph./тел. (+7) 812 5910022 (дом./home)
bulatova@NB4741.spb.ru

Мурманская областная Ассоциация Кольских саамов (Murmansk Regional Association of the Kola Saami)
RUS-183012 г. Мурманск
пр. Ленина 101-4
Афанасьева Нина (Nina E. Afanasieva)
ph./тел. (+7) 81525-450016 / 452401 

Общественная организация саамов Мурманской области (Saami Public Organisation of the Murmansk Region)
RUS-184290 с. Ловозеро - центр
Мурманская област
ул. Советская 27
ph./тел. (+7) 81538 30328
fax/факс (+7) 81538 30363
Кобелев Александр Андреевич (Aleksandr A. Kobelev) 

Ассоциация ненецкого народа “Ясавэй” (Association of the Nenets People “Yasavey”)
RUS-164700 г. Нарьян-Мар
Ненецкий АО, Архангельская обл.
ул. Смидовича 20
ph./тел. (+7) 81853 42740
fax/факс (+7) 81853 43768
neninter@atnet.ru
Выучейский Александр Иванович (Alexandr I. Vyucheisky)

Ассоциация “Спасение Югры” ХантыМансийского АО (Association “Yugra Restoration” of the KhantyMansy Autonomous Region)
RUS-626200 Тюменская область
Ханты-Мансийск
ул. Мира 5, к. 121 
ph./тел. (+7) 34671 34801, 41556
fax/факс (+7) 34671 32325 
komin@hmansy.wsnet.ru
Гоголева Татьяна Степановна (Tatyana S. Gogoleva)

Общественная организация “Общество по выживанию социально-экономическому развитию народа манси” (Public organisation "Society for the Survival and Socio-Economic Development of the Mansi People)
RUS-620000 Ивдельский Район, г. Ивдель
Свердловская обл.
ул. 60 лет ВЛКСМ 52, кв. 16
ph./тел. (+7) ….. -2107
Алексеев Евгений Михайлович (Evgeniy M. Alekseev)
ovsrm@ttg.gaskom.ru
Ассоциация коренных малочисленных народов Севера Ямало-Ненецкого АО “Ямалпотомкам” (Association of the Indigenous Peoples of the North “Yamal to our descendants”) 
RUS-626600 г. Салехард
Тюменская обл.
ул. Губкина 13 кв. 8
ph./тел. (+7) 34591 44664
ph./тел. (+7) 34591 46565
Евай Александр (Alexandr Evai)
ph./тел. (+7) 345-91 44698 (дом./home)
kui@salekhard.ru

Ассоциация коренных малочисленных народов Севера Таймырского [Долгано-Ненецкого] автономная округа  (Association of the Indigenous Peoples [Dolgan-Nenets] of the Taymyr Autonomous Okrug)
RUS-663370 г. Дудинка
Красноярский край 
Таймырский АО 
ул. Советская 35
ph./тел. (+7) 39111 25693 
ph./тел. (+7) 39111 25352
ph./тел. (+7) 39111 22353
Маймаго Геннадий Николаевич (Gennady N. Maimago)

Ассоциация кетского народа Туруханского района (Turukhansk Regional Association of Ket People)
RUS-663191 с. Туруханск
Красноярский край
ул. Северная 19
ph./тел. (+7) 39110 44881
Новик Надежда Васильевна (Nadezhda V. Novik)
ph./тел. (+7) 391-10 44693 (дом./home)

Ассоциация шорского народа Кемеровской области (Association of Shor People of the Kemerovo Region)
RUS-652870 Междуреченск
Кемеровской обл.
ул. 50 лет ВЛКСМ, дом 10, кв. 2
ph./тел. (+7) 3842 365572
root@rus.org
Акуляков Павел Павлович (Pavel P. Akulyakov)
ph./тел. (+7) 3847 41976 (дом./home)
Кискорова Валентина Николаевна (Valentina N.Kiskorova)
RUS-652870 пос.Трехречье 
Кемеровская обл.
Междуреченский р-н
Кирсанов Александр Дмитриевич (Aleksandr D. Kirsanov)
RUS-652870 пос. Ортор 
Кемеровская обл.
Междуреченский р-н

Ассоциация телеутского народа “ЭнеБайат” Кемеровской области (Association of Teleut People “EneBayat” of the Kemerovo Region)
RUS-652652 с. Беково 
Кемеровская область 
Беловский район 
ул. Заречная, 52
ph./тел. (+7) 38452 59297 
ph./тел. (+7) 38452 43830
Тодышев Николай Петрович (Nikolay P. Todyshev)

Ассоциация селькупского народа ”КолтаКуп” Томской области (”Kolta-Kup” Association of Selkup People of the Tomsk Region)
RUS-634050 г. Томск
Томская область 
ул. Фрундзе 20, кв. 14
ph./тел. (+7) 3822 765790
Киргеев Владимир Кузьмич (Vladimir K. Kirgeev)

Ассоциация коренных малочисленных народов Севера Красноярского края (Association of the Indigenous Peoples of the North of the Krasnoyarsk Region)
RUS-660049 г. Красноярск 
ул. Сурикова 42
ph./тел. (+7) 3912 265947
fax/факс (+7) 3912 265948 
Немтушкин Алитет Николаевич (Alitet N. Nemtushkin)

Ассоциация коренных малочисленных народов Севера Республики Саха (Якутия) (Association of Indigenous Peoples of the North of the Sakha Republic)
RUS-677000 г. Якутск
Республика Саха (Якутия)
ул. Кирова 11
ph./тел. (+7) 41122 60680
ph./тел. (+7) 095 928 7829
Кривошапкин Андрей Васильевич (Andrey V. Krivoshapkin)
ph./тел. (+7) 41122 216 7820 (дом./home)

Cоюз оленеводческих народов Республики Саха (Якутия) (Council of reindeer breeding peoples of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutiya))
RUS-677008 г. Якутск
ул. Петровского 23, кв. 26
ph./тел. 261370
Погодаева Мария Петровна

Ассоциация долган Республики Саха (Якутия) (Association of Dolgan People (Sakha Republic))
RUS-677000 г. Якутск
ул. Кирова, 11
Республика Саха (Якутия) 
ph./тел. (+7) 411-2 43 5561
Тимофеева Елена Поликарповна (Elena P. Timofeeva)
RUS-677000 г. Якутск 
ул. Короленко 28, кв. 39
ph./тел. (+7) 411-2 41 0290 (дом./home)

Ассоциация коренных малочисленных народов Севера "Арун" Эвенкийского автономная округа  (Association of the Indigenous Peoples "Arun" of the Evenk Autonomous Okrug)
RUS-663370 п. Тура
ул. Советская 2
Красноярский край 
Эве6нкийский АО 
ph./тел. (+7) 39113 22703
morgn@online.ru
Пикунова Зинаида Николаевна (Zinaida N. Pikunova)
ph./тел. (+7) 39113 22455 (дом./home)
Смирнова Мария Денисовна (Mariya D. Smirnova)
RUS-663370 Красноярский край
пос. Тура 
ул.Кочечумская д. 21 б, кв. 3
ph./тел. (+7) 39113-22819 (дом./home)

Ассоциация коренных малочисленных народов Севера республики Тыва (Association of Indigenous Peoples of the Tyva Republic)
RUS-667000 с. Салдам, г. Кызыл
Республика Тыва
Тоджинский р-н
ул. Московская, 2а
Донгур-оол Андрей (Andrey Dongur-ool)
ph./тел. (+7) 39422 33732 (дом./home)
fax/факс (+7) 39422 34830
aibek@tuva.ru

Ассоциация коренных малочисленных народов Севера "Юктэ" (эвенков) Республики Бурятия (Association of Indigenous Peoples “Yukte” [Evenk] of the Buryat Republic)
RUS-670000 г. УланУдэ
ул. Сухэ-Батора 9, кв. 231 
Республика Бурятия
ph./тел. (+7) 30122 214871
fax/факс (+7) 30122 210251
Степанов Петр Степанович (Petr S. Stepanov)
ph./тел. (+7) 30122 29261 (дом./home)

Ассоциация коренных малочисленных народов Чукотки (Association of the Indigenous Peoples of Chukotka)
RUS-686710 г. Анадырь
ул. Отке 37
ph./тел. (+7) 42722 44372
fax/факс (+7) 42722 26144
corpse@anadir.ru
Омрыпкир Александр Александрович (Alexander A. Omrypkir)
ул. Энергетиков 6 кв. 27
ph./тел. (+7) 42722 24082 (дом./home)
Омрытхеут Зинаида (Zinaida Omrytkheut)
RUS-686710 Анадырь
ул. Мира 5, кв. 10
ph./тел. (+7) 42722 40011 (дом./home) 

Ассоциация коренных малочисленных народов Севера Магаданской области (Association of the Indigenous Peoples of the Magadan Region)
RUS-685000 г. Магадан
пр. Горького 6, к. 122
ph./тел. (+7) 41300 28405
ph./тел. (+7) 41300 23105
Хабарова Анна Константиновна (Anna K. Khabarova)

Ассоциация малочисленных народов Севера Сахалинской области (Sakhalin Regional Association of the Indigenous Peoples of the North)
RUS-694450 п. Ноглики 
пер. Восточной 14, к. 2
ph./тел. (+7) 42444 96307
Соловьев Николай Васильевич (Nikolai V. Solovev)
RUS-694460 Оха Сахалинской обл.
ул. 60 лет СССР 26, кв. 19

Хабаровская краевая Ассоциация народов Севера (Khabarovsk Regional Association of the Peoples of the North)
RUS-680000 г. Хабаровск 
ул. Гоголя 16, кв. 1
ph./тел. (+7) 4212 236835 / 226836
fax/факс (+7) 4212 324457
ulchi@email.kht.ru
Волкова Галина (Galina Volkova)

Амурская областная Ассоциация коренных малочисленных народов Севера (Amur Regional Association of the Indigenous Peoples of the North)
RUS-675000 г. Благовещенск 
с. Ивановское Селемджинского района
ул. Ленина 135 (адм. обл.) 
ph./тел. (+7) 4162 440679
fax/факс (+7) 4162-443768
Сафронова Тамара Сафроновна (Tamara S. Safronova)

Ассоциация малочисленных народов Читинской области (эвенков) (Association of the Indigenous Peoples of the Chita Region [Evenk])
RUS-672002 г. Чита-2 
ул. Амурская 68, кв. 36 
(рег. Отдел Госкомсевера)
ph./тел. (+7) 30222 36795
Габышева Наталья Прокопьевна (Natalya P. Gabysheva)
Ягудина Наталья Гильтоновна (Natalya G. Yagudina)
RUS-672018 Чита-18
Жилгородок 14 кв.112

Ассоциация коренных малочисленных народов Севера Камчатской области (Association of Indigenous Peoples of the North of theKamchatka Region)
RUS-683031 Петропавловск -Камчатский 
Камчатская область
пр. Карла-Маркса 29/1, к. 316
ph./тел. (+7) 41522 93671
fax/факс (+7) 41522 93671
valera@svyaz.kamchatka.su
Санькович Валерий (Valery A. Sankovich)
Попов Андрей Анатольевич (Andrey A. Popov)
ph./тел. (+7) (41522) 25432 (дом./home)

Камчатская Ассоциация камчадалов (Kamchatka Association of Kamchadals)
RUS-684610 г. Елизово
ул. Ленина 22
Камчатская область
ph./тел. (+7) 41531 61363
Косыгин Пантелей Петрович (Panteley P. Kosygin)
ph./тел. (+7) 41531 62223 (дом./home)

Ассоциация коренных малочисленных народов Севера Корякского автономного округа (Association of the Indigenous Peoples of the North of the Koryak Autonom. Region)
RUS-684 620 п. Палана
ул. Поротова 20 
ph./тел. (+7) 41543 31017
fax/факс: (+7) 41543 31017
Запороцкий Алексей Никитович (Aleksey N. Zaporotsky)
ph./тел. (+7) 41543 31874 (дом./home)

Ассоциации Алескам (Association "Aleskam")
RUS-684020 п.Раздольный, Елизовский р-н
Камчатская обл.
ул. 60 лет Октября д.1 кв.17 
ph./fax-тел./факс (+7) 8-231-97140
yupik@elrus.kamchatka.su
Игнатенко Людмила Григорьевна (Lyudmila G. Ignatenko) 

президент, "ЯЯР"- Союз общественных организаций общин коренных малочисленных народов Севера Камчатской области (president of Union of Public Organisations of Indigenous Communities of the Northern Kamchatskaya Oblast)

"ЭЕК" общественная организация юристов и врачей коренных малочисленных народов Камчатки ("EEK" Public Indigenous Peoples' Organisation of Lawyers)
RUS-684030 г. Петропавловск-Камчатский 
Камчатская обл. 
ул. Циалковского 33\1 
ph./тел. (+7) 41531-74185, 41531-75546
Хоменко Валентина (Valentina Khomenko)

Ассоциация Алеутского народа “Ансарко” Камчатской области (Aleut Association “Ansarko” of the Kamchatka Region)
Добрынин Владимир Николаевич (Vladimir N. Dobrynin)
RUS-684500 с. Никольское
Алеутского район
ул. Гагарина 7, кв. 9
ph./тел. (+7) 4152 180291
fax/факс (+7) 4152 110230
aleut@svyaz.kamchatka.ru

Ассоциация КМНС пос.Оссора (Association of indig. peoples of village Ossora)
RUS-684700 п.Оссора, Карагинский р-н
Камчатская обл.
ул.Строительная 41 кв.25
ph./тел. 47369
fax/факс: 31017
zprco@svyaz.kamchatka.su
Тавынин Сергей Сергеевич (Sergey S. Tavynin)

Совет Возрождения ительменов Камчатки “Тхсаном” (Council of Itelmen Revival “Tkhsanom”)
RUS-684611 с. Ковран
Тигильский район
Камчатская обл.
ph./тел. (+7) 41539 28102 / 28133
zprco@svyaz.kamchatka.su
Запороцкий Олег Никитович (Oleg N. Zaporotsky)

Ассоциация коренных малочисленных народов Cевера Приморского края (Association of the Indigenous Peoples of  the Primorskiy Kray)
RUS-693031 с. Красный Яр
Пожарский район 
Приморский Край
ph./тел. (+7) 42357 32687
udege@glasnet.ru 
Суляндзига Павел Васильевич (Pavel V. Sulyandziga)

Дальневосточный Союз коренных малочисленных народов Севера Российской Федерации (Far East Union of the Indigenous Peoples of the North of the Russian Federation)
RUS-690110 г. Владивосток
Приморский Край
ул. Нейбута 85, к. 129
ph./тел. (+7) 4232 526859
fax/факс (+7) 4232 526859

Общество вепской культуры  (Society of Vepsian Culture)
г. Петрозаводск
Республика Карелия
ул. Хейкконена, д. 10, кв. 176
Строгальщикова Зинаида Ивановна (Zinayda  I. Strogalschikova)

Хакасская республиканская общественная организация - региональная общество
малочисленных народов севера - "Шория" (Society of Indigenous peoples of the North "Shoriya" of Khakas Republic)
RUS-662601 г.Абакан
Республика Хакасия
ул. Советская, д. 46, кв. 66
ph./тел. (+7) 39022 40226
Отургашева Людмила Николаевна (Ludmila N. Oturgasheva)
ph./тел. (+7) 39022 40226 (дом./home)

Ассоциация коренных малочисленных народов Республики Алтай (Association of the Indigenous peoples of Altay Republic)
RUS-659700 г. Горно-Алтайск
ул. Эркемяна Палкина, 1, ка. б.210
ph./тел. (+7) 38822 22654
fax/факс (+7) 38822 95165
Максимов Василий Степанович (Vasily S. Maksimov)

Алтайская краевая общественная организация "Ассоциация кумандинского народа" (Altaysk Regional Public Organization "Association of Kumandin Peoples")
RUS-659324 г. Бийск
ул. Туркменская 27
ph./тел. (+7) 3854 363163
Киркин Владимир Владимирович (Vladimir V. Kirkin)
ph./тел. (+7) 3854 319198 (дом./home)

Общество эскимосов ЮПИК (Inuit Society "YUPIK")
п. Провидения
Чукотский АО
ул. Эскимосская 18-27
Айнана Людмила Ивановна (Lyudmila I. Aynana)
Брагин Михаил Валерьевич (Mikhail V. Bragin)

ADMINISTRATION
АДМИНИСТРАЦИЯ 

Министерство региональной политики (Ministry of Regional Policy of the Russian Federation)
RUS-117415 Москва 
пр. Вернадского, 37, корп. 2
Дегтярь Ирина (Irina Degtyar)
ph./тел. (+7) 095 930 46 16
Шелест Виталий (Vitaly Schelest)
ph./тел. (+7) 095-248 83 50
fax/факс (+7) 095 930-71 97/202 44 90

Международный общественный фонд содействия экономическому и социальному развитию коренных народов Севера (International Public Fund for Support to Economic and Social Development of the Northern Indigenous Peoples)
RUS-117415 Москва 
пр. Вернадского, 37, корп. 2
ph./тел. (+7) 095 938 9534
fax/факс (+7) 095 930 4628
founip@dol.ru
Зайдфудим Павел Х. (Pavel Kh. Zaidfudim)
Доржинкевич Станислав И. (Stanislav Dorzhinkevich)

OTHER INSTITUTIONS AND ORGANISATIONS
ДРУГИЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЯ И ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ 

Информационный центр коренных малочисленных народов России (фонд L`AURAVETL`AN) (L`auravetl`an Indigenous Information Center)
RUS-129110 Москва
ул. Гиляровского 56
ph./тел. (+7) 095 284 8045 
ph./тел. (+7) 095 284 8248
iicl@orc.ru
Хайдып Арат (Arat Khaidyp)
Егоров Олег Ю. (Oleg Yu. Egorov)
 
"ИЛКЭН" (Yakutian indigenous newspaper)
RUS-677007 г.Якутск
Республика Саха (Якутия)
Кулаковская , 4/1, кв. 43
ph./тел. (+7) 4112 445216
Данилова Варвара (Varvara Danilova) (главный редактор; main editor)
Ултургашева Ольга (Olga Ulturgasheva) (зам. редактор, консультант английского языка; ass. editor, English language consultant)
oulturgasheva@mail.ru

Институт Системного Анализа (Institute for System Analysis, Russian Academy of Sciences)
Андреева Елена (Elena Andreeva)
RUS-117312 Москва
пр. 60-Лет Октябрия, 9
ph./тел. (+7) 095-135 0018 
fax/факс (+7) 095-938 2209
VNIISI@isa.ac.ru
Barents Centre for Social Research
RUS-183038 Murmansk
P.O. Box 707
ph./тел. (+7) 8152 455981
fax/факс (+7) 8152 450514
Oleg_Andreev@dionis.mels.ru

Russian Conservation News
RUS-117321 Moskva
P.O.Box 71
ph./тел. (+7) 095-1902368 
rcn@glas.apc.org
Stephanie Hitztaler

INDIVIDUALS
ОТДЕЛЬНЫЕ УЧАСТНИКИ 

Ангина Татьяна Самсоновна (Tatyana S. Angina)
RUS-682420 с.Булава 
Ульчский р-н Хабаровский край 

Апока Анастасия Васильевна (Anastasiya V. Apoka)
RUS-686430 п. Эвенск 
С.Эвенский р-н Магаданская обл.
ph. home/тел.дом. (07) 22364
ph. off./тел.раб. (07) 22122, 22432
руководитель национального ансамбля песни и танца народов Севера “Тюллипиль” (leader of National Song and Dance Ensemble "Tyullipil")

Ардеева Ангелина С. (Angelina S. Ardeeva)
RUS-103265 Москва
Охотный ряд, 1
Госдума 
ph./тел. (+7) 095 292 3610
(Госдума, Gosduma)

Балакина Наталья Александровна (Natalya A. Balakina)
RUS-686720 с.Илирней
Чукотка 
Билибинский р-н администрация
уполномоченный главы администрации района (commissioner, district's administration)

Баранникова Ольга Семеновна (Olga S. Barannikova)
RUS-684620 п.Палана Камчатская обл. 
ул.Поротова 22
ph. home/тел.дом.32801
ph. off./тел.раб.31103, 32240 
председатель комитета по делам народностей Севера администрации Корякского автономного округа (chairman, Committee of ethnic affairs, Koryak Auton. Okrug) 

Беккерев Петр Петрович (Petr P. Bekkerev)
RUS- 684410 Елизовский р-он, г.Елизово 
Камчатская обл. 
ул. Ленина 3 кв.60
ph. home/тел.дом. (41531) 63255
глава общины "Вита" (head of community "Vita")

Богордаева Аксана (Aksana Bogordaeva)
RUS-625003 г.Тюмень а/я 2774
ph./тел. 3452-240728
fax/факс 3452-242642
ipos@sbtx.tmn.ru
сотрудник Института проблем освоения Севера СО РАН (research worker, Inst. for Assimilation Problems of the North)
Верегиргина Любовь Петровна (Lyubov P. Veregirgina)
RUS-686811 Чукотка 
с.Конергино 
Иультинский р-н 
председатель первичной ассоциации коренных народов Чукотки (chairman, Initial Association of indig. people of Chukota) 

Вуквукай Иван Сергеевич (Ivan S. Vykvykay)
RUS-686710 г.Анадырь 
ул.Отке 32 кв.2
ph. home/тел.дом. 2-4514
председатель общества “Доверие” (chairman, society "Doveriye")

Вуквутагин Юрий (Yuriy Vukvutagin)
RUS-686720 Уэлен
Чукотский р-н
Чукотский автономный округ 
зам.директора косторезной мастерской (deputy director, Workshop)

Вуквухай Лилия Семеновна (Liliya S. Vukvukhay)
RUS-686430 п.Эвенск 
С-Эвенский р-н Магаданская обл. 
а/я111
ph. home/тел.дом. (07) 227-36
председатель районной ассоциации малочисленных народов Севера СЭвенского р-на (chairman of district's association of northern indigenous people, S-Evensk District) 

Выквырагтыгиргина Лариса (Larisa Vykvyragtygirgina)
RUS-686710 г.Анадырь 
ул.Беринга 8 кв.4
ph. home/тел.дом. 4-6961,
ph. off./тел.раб. 2-4718 
редактор радио “Чукотка” (radio moderator "Chukotka") 

Гашилова Людмила Борисовна (Lyudmila B. Gashilova)
RUS-195030 С-Петербург 
ул.Ударников 43 кор.3 кв.106
ph. home/тел.дом. (+7) 812-526 1114
ph./тел.сл. (+7) 812-186 8614
зав.кафедрой палеоазиатских языков Российского госпедуниверситета (chair of PalaeoAsiatic languages, Russian State University)

Гусакова Екатерина Григорьевна (Ekaterina G. Gusakova)
RUS-686610 г.Певек
Чаунский р-н
Чукотка 
администрация района 
председатель районной ассоциации коренных народов Чукотки (chairman, District's Association of indig. people of Chukota)

Дюкарев Григорий Иванович (Grigoriy G. Dyukarev)
RUS-663210 г.Дудинка 
Красноярский край 
Таймырский автономный округ 
ул.Дудинская 23кв.7
ph./тел. дом.(39111) 23354
частный предприниматель национального предприятия (private entrpreneur of national enterprise)

Егоров Сергей Иванович (Sergey I. Egorov)
RUS-686740 п.Амгуэма 
Чукотка 
Иультинский р-н администрация 
уполномоченный главы администрации р-она (commissioner, district's administration)

Жирков Борис Александрович (Boris A. Zhirkov)
RUS-684611 с.Ковран 
Тигильский р-н 
Камчаская обл.
ph./тел. 28-1-02
руководитель ансамбля “Эльвель” (leader of Dance Ensemble “El’vel’ ”)

Иннекей Лидия Семёновна (Lidiya S. Innekey)
RUS-686734 с. Ваеги
Анадырский р-н
Чукотка
фельдшер (medical assistant)

Исаков Андрей Валентинович (Andrey V. Isakov)
RUS-677013 г.Якутск 
ул.Каландрашвили 27 кв.8
ph. home/тел.дом. (4112) 254352
evedy@saha.ru
председатель Совета Союза молодежи КМНС (chairman of council of indigenous youth ass.)

Ковейник Вера Иннокентьевна (Vera I. Koveynik)
RUS-684033 Елизовский р-он, п.Сосновка
Камчатская обл. 
ул.Центральная 7кв.17 
ph. home/тел.дом. 41531 -96273
председатель, объединение "Пимчах" (chairman of association "Pimchakh")

Коновалова Зинаида Петровна (Zinanda P. Konobalova)
RUS-686830 с.Мыс Шмидта 
Шмидтовский район
администрация поселка 
председатель первичной ассоциации коренных народов Чукотки (chairman, Initial Association of indig. people of Chukotka) 

Коравье Дмитрий Петрович (Dmitriy P. Koravye)
RUS-685000 г.Магадан
администрации области
ph./тел. 23152
консультант по национальным вопросам (consultant of ethnic affairs)

Кривогорницын Александр Юрьевич (Aleksandr Krivogornitsyn)
RUS-684020 п. Раздольный 
Елизовский р-н Камчатская обл.
ул. 60 лет Октября 5 кв.36
ph./fax-тел./факс (8415) 97140
yupik@elrus.kamchatka.su

Кузьмин Анатолий Андреевич (Anatoliy A. Kuzmin)
RUS-686712 с.Хатырка 
Чукотка 
Беринговский р-н администрация
уполномоченный главы администрации р-на (commissioner, district's administration)

Кузнецов Олег В. (Oleg V. Kuznetsov)
RUS-672000 Чита
ул. Чайковского 2-14
ph./тел. (+7) 3022 232 490
fax/факс (+7) 3022 236 63
zabaikal@chat.ru
(head of Dep. Chita State University,
Center for Cultural Anthropology of Trans-Baikal natives)

Куликова Идея Владимировна (Ideya V. Kulikova)
RUS-197372 С-Петербург 
а/я 158
ph. home/тел.дом. (+7) 812-341 5404
ph./тел.сл. (+7) 812-186 8614
доцент кафедры палеоазиатских языков Российского госпедуниверситета (teacher of PalaeoAsiatic languages, Russian State University)

Куркутская Людмила Владимировна (Lyudmila V. Kurkutskaya)
RUS-686734 с. Ваеги
Анадырский р-н
Чукотка
зам. директора оленеводческого предприятия (deputy director of reindeer farm)

Лаврищук Лариса Владимировна (Larisa V. Lavrishchuk)
RUS-685560 Магадан 
ул.Набережная р.Магаданки 13 к.300
ph. off./тел.раб. (+7) 41322-23289
pilc@online.magadan.su
зам.руководителя сектора молодежи городской Ассоциации КМНС (deputy leader, youth section, indig. peoples' town ass. of Magadan)

Леханова Фаина Матвеевна (Faina M. Lekhanova)
home/дом: 
RUS-678333 с. Иенгра 
Республика Саха (Якутия)
ул. 50 лет Победы д. 1 кв. 1
НИИ Национальных Школ Республики Саха, Лаборатория эвенкийского языка и культуры (NII National School of the Sakha Republic, Laboratory of Evenk language and culture)

Мельникова Марина Сергеевна (Marina S. Melnikova)
RUS-686741 с.Ванкарем 
Чукотка 
Иультинский р-н администрация
уполномоченный главы администрации рона (commissioner, district's administration)

Мыльников Александр Михайлович (Aleksandr M. Mylnikov)
RUS-686742 Чукотка 
с.Конергино администрация 
уполномоченный главы администрации р-на (commissioner, district's administration)

Никитин Анатолий Николаевич (Anatoliy N. Nikitin)
RUS-684021 Елизовский р-он
Камчатская обл. 
п.Центральные Коряки ул. Первомайская 21
fax/факс ( 41531) 45513
президент, обединение "Кояна" (president, association "Koyana")

Никитина Софья Рудольфовна (Sofya R. Nikitina)
RUS-683024 Петропавловск-Камчатский
Камчатская область 
ул.Автомобилистов 45/2 к7, 
ph./fax-тел./факс (41531)-45513
президент, объединение "Бионик" - научно-иследовательский 
центр поддержки коренных народов Камчатки (president, association "Bionik" – scientific centre for the support of the indigenous peoples of Kamchatka)

Новьюхов Александр Вячеславович (Aleksandr V. Novyukhov) 
RUS-626800 п.Березово 
Березовский р-н 
Ханты--Мансийский АО
ул.Путилова 47 кв.1
ph. home/тел.дом.(34674) 21137
ph. off./тел.раб.21530 
глава Тегинскойтерритории муниципального образования (head of municipality, Teginsk Territory)

Нотатынагиргина Галина Ивановна (Galina I. Notatynagirgina)
RUS-686710 с.Тавайваам 
Анадырский р-н 
ph. off./тел.раб. 4-6474 
директор Дома Культуры (director, House of Culture) 

Нутексу Виктор Михайлович (Viktor M. Nuteksu)
RUS-686710 с.Алькатваам
Чукотка 
Беринговский р-н администрация
уполномоченный главы администрации района (commissioner, district's administration)
Нутелхут Галина Андреевна (Galina A. Nutelkhut)
RUS-684010 г.Елизово 
ул.40 лет Октября 10а кв.19
ph. home/тел.дом.69994 yupik@elrus.kamchatka.su 
зам.председателя молодежной организации Камчатской области “Этноинициатива” (deputy leader, youth organ. of Kamchatka)

Няруй Валентина Нелаковна (Valentina V. Nyaruy)
RUS-626608 г.Салехард 
ул.Комсомольская д.2А кв.1
ph. home/тел.дом. 4-6742
ph. off./тел.раб. 4-9928
зам.директора Института усовершенствования учителей (deputy director, Pedagogical Institute)

Овчинникова Евдокия Михайловна (Evdokiya M. Ovchinnikova)
RUS-686721 с.Островное
Чукотка 
Билибинский р-н администрация
уполномоченный главы администрации р-на (commissioner, district's administration) 

Падерин Василий Владиславович (Vasiliy V. Paderin)
RUS-684310 с.Эссо 
Быстринский р-н Камчатская обл.
ул.Комсомольская 7 кв.3
ph. off./тел.раб. 21-382
секретарь Быстринской общественной организации народов Севера (secretary, public organisation of northern peoples of Bystrinsk)

Пелетагин Сергей Михайлович (Sergey M. Peletagin)
RUS-686732 с.Краснено
Чукотка
Анадырский р-н администрация
уполномоченный главы администрации района (commissioner, district's administration) 

Пассар Любовь Владимировна (Lyubov V. Passar)
RUS-682307 Хабаровский край 
пос.Некрасовка, Хабаровский р-н
ул.Партизанская 10 кв.9
ph. off./тел.раб. 95-1073
ph. home/тел.дом. 95-1842
нарколог (drug abuse specialist)

Петровская Елена Сергеевна (Elena S. Petrovskaya)
RUS-686515 с.Кепервээм 
Билибинский р-н Чукотка
ул.Комарова 8 кв.4
ph. off./тел.раб.27293
руководитель национального ансамбля (leader of national ensemble)

Печетегина Татьяна А. (Tatyana A. Pechetegina)
RUS-686950 Уэлен
Чукотский АО
Учитель культурологии (teacher of culture anthropology)

Рахманина Лидия Викторовна (Lidiya V. Rakhmanina)
RUS-184290 с. Ловозеро
Мурманская область 
ул. Вокуева 17 – 66
ph./тел. 815-38-30126 / 31110
fax/факс 815-38-31306
методист районного отдела культури (methodist, district's cultural department)

Ругин Владимир Прокопьевич (Vladimir P. Rugin)
RUS-626600 с.Мужи Шурышкарский р-н 
Ямало-Ненецкий автономный округ
глав.врач райбольницы (ass. medical director)

Санашкин Алтайчи (Altaychi Sanashkin)
Республика Алтай
RUS-659700 г. Горно-Алтайск
ул. Больничная, 35 - 6

Сериков Виктор Николаевич (Viktor N. Serikov)
RUS-686710 Анадырь
ул. Отке 33А, кв. 27
ph./тел. 22035
сотрудник научно-исследовательского Центра (research worker)

Скамейко Раиса Романовна (Raisa P. Ckameyko)
RUS-626608 г.Салехард 
ул.Мира д.4 кв.4
ph. home/тел.дом. 4-7671
ph./тел. раб. 4-9928
зав.лабораторией Института усовершенствования учителей (Laboratory manager, Pedagogical Institute)

Слободчикова Т.Е. (T.E. Slobodchikova)
RUS-684019 Елизовский р-он, п.Зеленый 
ул.Юбилейная 7 кв.30
Камчатская обл.
глава районного управления "Лукичи" (head of district's board "Lukichi")

Созыкин Виктор Иванович (Viktor I. Sozykin)
RUS-686733 п.Марково
Анадырский р-н 
Чукотка 
уполномоченный главы администрации района (commissioner, district's administration) 

Солодикова Галина Михайловна (Galina M. Solodikova)
RUS-683009 Камчатская обл. 
Петропавловск-Камчатский
ул.Курчатова 31-22
ph. home/тел.дом. 8-415-22-7-4868
психиатр-нарколог (psychiatrist, drug abuse specialist)

Спиридонов Валериан Валерьевич (Valerian V. Spiridonov)
RUS-677000 г.Якутск 
ул.Ярославского 7 кв.10
ph. home/тел.дом.(4112) 440290

Сусой Елена Григорьевна (Elena G. Susoy)
RUS-626608 г.Салехард 
ул.Комсомольская 40, кв.1 
ph. home/тел.дом. 4-7381
директор музея-квартиры им.Л.В.Лапцуя (museum director)

Сязи Антонина Макаровна (Antonina M. Syazi)
RUS-626608 г.Салехард 
ул.Космодемьянской 44 кв.12
тел. дом. 4-5015
тел. раб. 4-5422
директор научного центра гуманитарных исследований коренных малочисленных народов Севера Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа (director, Centre of Humanitarian Sciences of Northern Peoples, YamaloNenets Auton. Okrug)

Таврат Алексей Прокопьевич (Aleksey P. Tavrat)
RUS-677000 г.Якутск 
Республика Саха (Якутия) 
пр.Ленина 21 кв.12
ph. home/тел.дом.(4112) 421205

Таеургин Василий Иванович (Vasiliy I. Tayeurgin)
RUS-686730 с.Канчалан 
Анадырский р-н
Чукотка 
оленевод (reindeer breeder) 

Терлецкая Ольга (Olga Terletskaya)
RUS-164700 г. Нарьян-Мар 
Ненецкий А.О.
ул. Ленина, 41-б, кв. 66
ph./тел. (+7) 81 853-4 21 66
fax/факс (+7) 81 853-4 20 22
rednv@atnet.ru
редактор ненецкая отдела, газета "Нарьяна виндер" (editor of Nenets section, newspaper "Naryana vinder")

Тимонина Елена Николаевна (Elena N. Timonina)
RUS-686710 Анадырь
ул. Горького 6 – 12
ph./тел. 22808
редактор чукотского телевидения (moderator, Chukotkan television)

Тынескин Алексей Николаевич (Aleksey N. Tyneskin)
RUS-686731 с.Чуванское
Чукотка 
Анадырский р-н администрация
уполномоченный главы администрации района (commissioner, district's administration) 

Тынетегин Владимир (Vladimir Tynetegin)
RUS-683030 Петропавловск -Камчатский 
ул. Дальняя 38 кв.7 
председатель, объединение "Каюр” (chairman, association "Kayur")

Успенская Валентина Ивановна (Valentina Uspenskaya)
RUS-683030 Петропавловск-Камчатский
ул.Кручины 6 - 149
ph. home/тел.дом. 41531-95325,т.служ.41522-34328
редактор газеты "Абориген Камчатки" (editor, newspapar "Aborigen Kamchatki")

Хэно Ирина Сергеевна (Irina S. Kheno)
RUS-626 600 п.Тарко Сале 
Пуровский р-н 
Ямало-Ненецкий автономный округ
ph. home/тел.дом. 2-2371
ph. off./тел.раб. 2-1912

Эмма Уилсон (Emma Wilson)
RUS-693021 г. Южно-Сахалинск 
а/р Луговое
ул. Пионерская 46 – 4
с/о Клюева Е.В.
emma@sakhalin.ru
Scott Polar Research Institute
аспирантка Института полярных исследований им.Скотта (candidate, Scott Polar Research Inst.)

Ясаков Анатолий Петрович (Anatoliy P. Yasakov)
RUS-652611 г. Белово 
ул.1-й Телеут 32а
ph./тел. 220-82
председатель национального комитета самоуправления телеутов (chairman of Teleut National Committee)

Ясинская Светлана Гавриловна (Svetlana G. Yasinskaya)
RUS-686711 с.Мейныпильгино
Чукотка
Беринговский р-н администрация
уполномоченный главы администрации района (commissioner, district's administration)

Ященко Ирина Михайловна (Irina M. Yashchenko)
RUS-686010 п.Ола 
Магаданская обл. 
ул.Лесная 3а кв.4
ph. home/тел.дом.25271
председатель правления Ольской поселковой ассоциации МНС (chairman of indig. peoples' village association of Ola)

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
NORWAY
НОРВЕГИЯ_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

NORWEGIAN GOVERNMENTAL INSTITUTIONS AND FUNDING AGENCIES
НОРВЕЖСКИЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЕ ИНСТИТУТЫ И АГЕНТСТВА ФОНДОВ

Miljøverndepartementet, Seksjon for Polarsaker og Samarbeid med Russland (Ministry of the Enviroment, Division for Polar Affairs and Cooperation with Russia; Министерство Окружающей Среды, Управление по делам Арктики  и сотрудничеству с Россией)
Pb. 8013 Dep
N-0030 Oslo
fax/факс (+47) 22 24 27 55
per.antonsen@md.dep.no
Gunnbjørg Nåvik
ph./тел. (+47) 22 24 59 74 
ghn@md.dep.no
Per Antonsen
ph./тел. (+47) 22 24 59 84

Utenriksdepartementet, Seksjon for prosjektsamarbeid med Sentral og Østeuropa (Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Division for Project Cooperation with Central and Eastern Europe; Министерство Иностранных Дел,  Управление по Сотрудничеству с Центральной и Восточной Европой)
Pb. 8114 Dep
N-0030 Oslo
Gerd Berit Lavik
ph./тел. (+47) 22 24 33 44
fax/факс (+47) 22 24 33 42
esso@ud.dep.telemax.no

Utenriksdepartementet, Seksjon for Russland og de øvrige SUS landene (Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Division for Russia and the other CIS countries; Министерство Иностранных Дел, Управление по сотрудничеству с Россией и другими странами СНГ)
Pb. 8114 Dep
N-0030 Oslo
Leidulv Namtvedt
ph./тел. (+47) 22 24 33 32
fax/факс (+47) 22 24 95 80

Norges Forskningsråd (Norwegian Research Council; Норвежский Научно-исследовательский Совет)
Stensberggata 26
Pb. 2700 St. Hanshaugen
N-0131 Oslo
Inger-Ann Ulstein
ph./тел. (+47) 22 03 73 43
fax/факс (+47) 22 03 72 78
ingerann.ulstein@forskningsradet.no

NORWEGIAN INSTITUTIONS AND ORGANISATIONS
НОРВЕЖСКИЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЯ И ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ

Bellona (ОбЪединение “Беллуна”)
Pb. 2141 Grünerløkka
N-0505 Oslo
ph./тел. (+47) 22 23 46 00
fax/факс (+47) 22 38 38 62
bellona@bellona.no
Thomas Nielsen 
thomasn@bellona.no

Den norske Helsingforskomitéen (Norwegian Helsingfors Committee; Норвежский Хельсингфорский комитет)
Urtegata 50
N-0187 Oslo
Bjørn Engelsland
ph./тел. (+47) 22 57 00 70
fax/факс (+47) 22 57 00 88
nhc@nhc.no

Direktoratet for naturforvaltning (The Directorate for Nature Management, Директорат по управлению природными ресурсами)
N-7485 Trondheim
ph./тел. (+47) 73 58 08 33
fax/факс (+47) 73 58 05 01
Reidar Hindrum
reidar.hindrum@dirnat.no

Forskningsstiftelsen FAFO (FAFO Institute for Applied Social Science; ФАФО Институт Прикладных общественных наук)
Borggata 2B
Pb. 2947 Tøyen
N-0608 Oslo
ph./тел. (+47) 22 08 86 00
Aadne Aasland
ph./тел. (+47) 22 08 87 11
fax/факс (+47) 22 08 87 00
aadne.aasland@fafo.no

Forum for utvikling og miljø (Forum for development and environment; Форум  по Развитию и Окружающей Среде)
Storgata 33A
N-0184 Oslo
Jan Gustav Strandenæs
ph./тел. (+47) 22 20 98 70
fax/факс (+47) 22 20 37 80
jstrand.forum@online.no

Fridtjof Nansens Institutt (Институт  им.Фритьофа Нансена)
Fridtjof Nansens vei 17
Pb. 324
N-1324 Lysaker
ph./тел. (+47) 67 11 19 00
fax/факс (+47) 67 11 19 10
Douglas Brubaker 
ph./тел. +(47) 67 11 19 08
douglas.brubaker@fni.no
Claes Lykke Ragner
ph./тел. (+47) 67 11 19 15
claes.ragner@fni.no

Gáisá (Saami Resources Centre and Network; Саамский Центр  природных ресурсов и распространения информации)
Heggåsveien 6
N-9020 Tromsdalen
Jorunn Eikjok
ph./тел. (+47) 77 62 81 68
fax/факс (+47) 77 62 66 80
utvej@rito.no

Høgskolen i Lillehammer (Highschool of Lillehammerø; Вуз Лиллехаммер)
N-2600 Lillehammer
Hans Jørgen W. Weihe
ph./тел. (+47) 61 28 80 04
fax/факс (+47) 61 28 81 90
H-J.Wallin.Weihe@hil.no

Norsk Institutt for kulturminneforskning (NIKU), Avd. for arkeologi og landskap (Norwegian Institute for Cultural Heritage Research, Dept. for Archaeology and Landscape; Норвежский научно-исследовательский институт культурного наследия, отдел археологии и изучения ландшафта)
Pb. 736 Sentrum
N-0105 Oslo
ph./тел. (+47) 23 35 50 32
fax/факс (+47) 23 35 50 01
Ole Grøn
ole.gron@nikuosl.ninaniku.no

Norsk Institutt for Naturforskning (NINA: Norwegian Institute for Nature Research; Норвежский Институт Естествознания), 
Tungasletta 2
N-7485 Trondeheim 
ph./тел. (+47) 73 80 14 00
fax/факс (+47) 73 80 14 01
Nils Røv
nils.rov@ninatrd.ninaniku.no

Norges teknisknaturvitenskapelige Universitet (NTNU; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Норвежский Университет Науки и Технологий)
N-7034 Trondheim
Thor B. Arlov
ph./тел. (+47) 73 59 80 31
fax/факс (+47) 73 59 80 99
thor.arlov@adm.ntnu.no

Norsk Folkemuseum, Samisk samling (Norwegian Museum of Folklore, Saami Collection, Музей фольклора Норвегии, Саамская коллекция)
Museumsveien 10
N-0287 OSLO
ph./тел. (+47) 22 12 37 00
fax/факс (+47) 22 12 37 77
Ove Pettersen
home (дом):
Olav Nygards veg 214 B
0688 Oslo
ove.pettersen@same.net

Norsk forum for ytringsfrihet (Norwegian Forum for Freedom of Expression; Норвежский Форум Свободы Самовыражения)
Urtegata 50 
N-0187 Oslo
Mette Newth
ph./тел. (+47) 22 67 79 64
fax/факс (+47) 22 57 00 88
nffe@online.no

Norsk Institutt for menneskerettigheter (Univ. i Oslo) (Norwegian Institute of Human Rights (University of Oslo); Норвежский Институт Прав Человека (Университет Осло))
Universitetsgata 22-24
ph./тел. (+47) 22 84 20 01
fax/факс (+47) 22 84 20 02
N-0162 Oslo
Asbjørn Eide
(+47) 22 84 20 04
asbjorn.eide@nihr.uio.no

Norsk utenrikspolitisk institutt (NUPI), Senter for Russlandsstudier (Norwegian Institute of International Affairs, Centre for Russian Studies; Норвежский Институт Международных Отношений, Центр Российских Исследований)
Pb. 8159 Dep.
N-0033 Oslo
Helge Blakkisrud
ph./тел. (+47) 22 05 65 27
fax/факс (+47) 22 17 70 15
helge.blakkisrud@nupi.no
Indra Øverland (bare email)
Tel.: (+47) 22 05 65 25
Fax.: (+47) 22 17 70 15
Indra.Overland@nupi.no

Norsk Polarinstitutt (Norwegian Polar Institute; Норвежский Полярный Институт)
Polarmiljøsenteret 
N-9296 Tromsø
ph./тел. (+47) 77 75 05 00
fax/факс (+47) 77 75 05 01
Winfried Dallmann
ph./тел. (+47) 77 75 06 48
dallmann@npolar.no
Olav Orheim
ph./тел. (+47) 77 75 06 20
orheim@npolar.no
Christoffer Brodersen
ph./тел. (+47) 77 75 06 50
brodersen@npolar.no
Bjørn F. Johansen
ph./тел. (+47) 77 75 06 35
bjorn.johansen@npolar.no
Gunnar Sander
ph./тел. (+47) 77 75 06 37
sander@npolar.no
Pål Prestrud
ph./тел. (+47) 77 75 06 37
prestrud@npolar.no

Riksantikvaren (The Directorate for Cultural Heritage, Директорат по вопросам культурного наследия)
Dronningens gate 13
Pb. 8196 Dep
N-0034 Oslo
ph./тел. (+47) 22 94 04 00
fax/факс (+47) 22 94 04 04
Dag Myklebust	
dag.myklebust@ra.no
Ingegerd Holand	
ingegerd.holand@ra.no

Sámediggi (Sametinget; Saami Parliament; Парламент Саами)
Pb. 144
N-9730 Kárášjohka / Karasjok
ph./тел. (+47) 78 46 71 00
fax/факс (+47) 78 46 69 49
adm@samediggi.no
Sven-Roald Nystø

Svanhovd miljøsenter (Svanhovd Environmental Centre; Центр Окружающей Среды Сванховд)
N-9925 Svanvik
ph./тел. (+47) 78 97 36 00
fax/факс (+47) 78 97 36 01
svanhovd@svanhovd.no
Steinar Wikan
Steinar.Wikan@svanhovd.no
Bjørn Frantzen
bjorn.frantzen@svanhovd.no

Tromsø Museum (Музей Тромсё)
N-9006 Tromsø
fax/факс (+47) 77 64 55 20
Ivar Bjørklund
ph./тел. (+47) 77 64 52 74 
ivarb@imv.uit.no
Johan A. Kalstad
ph./тел. (+47) 77 64 57 23 
johan@imv.uit.no
Terje Brantenberg

Universitetet i Tromsø, Lingvistisk institutt (University of Tromsø, Institute of Linguistics; Университет Тромсё, Институт Языкознания)
N-9037 Tromsø
Trond Trosterud
ph./тел. (+47) 77 64 47 63
fax/факс (+47) 77 64 42 39
Trond.Trosterud@hum.uit.no

Universitetet i Tromsø, Senter for samiske studier (University of Tromsø, Centre of Saami Studies; Университет Тромсё, Центр Саамских Исследований)
N-9037 Tromsø
saamidg@list.uit.no
Johnny-Leo Jernsletten
ph./тел. (+47) 77 64 55 35
fax/факс (+47) 77 67 66 72
johnny.jernsletten@list.uit.no

Universitetet i Tromsø, Institutt for sosialanthropologi (University of Tromsø, Institute of Social Anthropology; Университет Трумсё, Институт Социальной Антропологии)
N-9037 Tromsø
Finn Sivert Nielsen
home (дом):
M.Urdalsvei 3
N-9011 Tromsø
ph./тел. (+47) 77 61 30 62
finnsn@sv.uit.no

NORWEGIAN COMPANIES
НОРВЕЖСКИЕ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ

Norsk Hydro AS
P.O.Box 200
N-1321 Stabekk
ph./тел. (+47) 22 73 81 00
Per Gamre 
per.gamre@hydro.com
director oil/gas Russia
Asbjørn Sæbøe 
ph./тел. (+47) 22 73 84 04
asbjorn.saboe@hydro.com
New Ventures Manager
ph./тел. (+47) 92 09 28 70
INDIVIDUALS
ОТДЕЛЬНЫЕ УЧАСТНИКИ 

Philip Burgess
Åsveien 29
N-9730 Kárášjohka
philip.burgess@excite.com

Tor Magne Berg
Samisk videregående skole
N-9730 Kárášjohka 
ph./тел. (+47) 78 46 96 28

Siri Damman   
Institutt for ernæringsforskning
(Institute for Nutrition Research)
University of Oslo
Box 1046 Blindern
N-0316 Oslo
ph./тел. (+47) 22 85 13 79
fax/факс (+47) 22 85 13 41
siri.damman@basalmed.uio.no

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
FINLAND
ФИНЛЯНДИЯ__________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Lapin Yliopisto, Arktinen keskus (University of Lapland, Arctic Centre; Университет Лапландии,  Арктический центр)
PL 122
FIN-96101 Rovaniemi
Bruce Forbes
ph./тел. (+358) 16 341 27 10
fax/факс (+358) 16 341 27 77
bforbes@levi.urova.fi

Turun Yliopisto, Ekologian Osasto
(University of Turku, Section of Ecology;
Университет Турку, Институт Экологии)
FIN-20014 Turku
Mikhail Kozlov
ph./тел. (+358) 2 3335492
fax/факс (+358) 2 3336550
mikoz@mailhost.utu.fi

Lapin Yliopisto, Kasvatustieteiden tiedekunta (University of Lapland, Faculty of Education; Университет Лапландии, Факультет Образования)
PL 122
FIN-96101 Rovaniemi
Leif Rantala
ph./тел. (+358) 16 341 24 18
fax/факс (+358) 16-341 24 01
Irja Paltto
Siljotie 8 A 4	
FIN-96100 Rovaniemi
Finland
ph./тел. (+358) 16-341 2208
fax/факс (+358) 16-341 2207
Irja.Paltto@urova.fi
Project assistant, International Relations

Department of Regional Studies and Environmental Policy (Университет Тампере, Департамент Региональных Исследований и Экологической Политики)
PL 607
FIN- 33101 Tampere
Kristiina Karppi
fax/факс (+358) 32 15 73 11
atkrse@uta.fi

Turun Yliopisto, Kansatiede (University of Turku, Institute of Cultural Studies; Университет Турку, Институт исследований по культуре) 
FIN-20014 Turun Yliopisto
Helena Ruotsala
ph./тел. (+358) 2 –333 63 50
fax/факс (+358) 2 –333 63 60
helena.ruotsala@utu.fi

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
SWEDEN	DANMARK / GREENLAND
ШВЕЦИЯ 	ДАНИЯ / ГРЕНЛАНДИЯ ________________________________________________

Göteborgs Universitet, Centre for Russian and East European Studies (CREES; University of Göteborg, Centre for Russian and East European Studies; Университет Гётеборга, Центр российских и восточно-европейских исследований)
P.O.Box 720
S-405 30 Göteborg
Birgitta Jännebring
ph./тел. (+44) 31-773 4316
fax/факс (+44) 31-773 4461
birgitta.jannebring@crees.gu.se

Danish-Greenlandic Project (DGP) on Assistence to Indigenous Peoples of Russia, (Датско-Гренландская Инициатива по Поддержке Коренных Народов России), c/o Komité “Natur og Folk i Nord” (Committee "Nature and People of the North"; Комитет “Природа и народы Севера”)
Møntergade 16
DK-1116 København K
Mads Fægteborg
ph./тел. (+45) 33 13 02 92
fax/факс (+45) 33 32 09 92
arctic@inet.uni2.dk
Finn Lynge	
flynge@danbbs.dk

Institut for eskimologi (Institute of Eskimology; Институт Эскимологии)
Strandgade 100 H (Danish Polar Centre)
DK-1401 København K
ph./тел. (+45) 32 88 01 00
fax/факс (+45) 32 88 01 61

INFONOR 
Selma Lagerlöfs Alle 45
DK-2860 Søborg
ph./тел. (+45) 39 63 31 67
infonor@get2net.dk
Claus Oreskov 
Bernhard Bös

International Training Centre for Indigenous Peoples (ITCIP; Meждународный учебный центр коренных народов)
P.O.Box 901
DK-3900 Nuuk
GREENLAND
Ingmar Egede
ph./тел. (+299) 32 70 68
fax/факс (+299) 32 72 90
ingmar@egede.dk

Roskilde Universitetscenter, Geografisk Institut (NORS) (Roskilde University Centre, Institute of Geography; Центр Университета Роскилде, институт географии)
Building 21.2
Box 260
DK-4000 Roskilde
ph./тел. (+45) 46742137
Mogens Holm
Nordatlantiske regional Studier (NORS)
mholm@ruc.dk

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CANADA	USA
КАНАДА	США ________________________

University of Alberta, Canadian Circumpolar Institute (Университет Алберта, Арктический Институт, Канада)
canadian.circumpolar.institute@ualberta.ca
University of Alberta Library (Университет Алберта, библиотека)
Bibliographic Services-Serials
8820-112 Street
Edmonton, Alberta 
CDN-T6G 2J8

University of Alberta, Department of Anthropology (Университет Алберта, институт Антропологии)
114 Street 89 Avenue
Edmonton, Alberta 
David Anderson
CDN-T6G 2M7
ph./тел. (+1) 780-492-9746
fax/факс (+1) 780-492-5273
david.anderson@ualberta.ca
David Marples
CDN-T6G 2H4
ph./тел. (+1) 403-492 0851
fax/факс (+1) 403-492 9125
david.marples@ualberta.ca

McGill University, Department of Geography (Университет МакГилл, институт Географии)
805, rue Sherbrooke Ouest
Montréal, Quebec
CDN-H3A 2K6
Ludger MüllerWille
ph./тел. (+1) 514-398 4960
fax/факс (+1) 514-398 7437
inmw@musicb.mcgill.ca
Tuula Tuisku
ttuisk@po-box.mcgill.ca

University of Northern British Columbia (Университет Северо-Британской Колумбии)
3333 University Way	
Prince George, B.C.
CDN-V2N 4Z9
Geography Program (Прогр. географии):
Gail Fondahl 
ph./тел. (+1) 250-960 5856
fax/факс (+1) 250-960 5539
fondahlg@unbc.ca
Greg Poelzer
History Program (Прогр. истории):
Aileen Espiritu 
espiritu@unbc.ca

Dartmouth College, Institute of Arctic Studies (Дартмунтский Колледж, институт Арктических Исследований)
6214 Fairchild
USA Hanover, N.H. 03755
ph./тел. (+1) 603 646 1278
fax/факс (+1) 603 64 61 279
Gail Osherenko
ph./тел. (+1) 603 646 1396 
Gail.Osherenko@Dartmouth.edu
Oran Young, Director
oran.young@shs.uio.no

McMaster University, Dept. of Anthropology
(Университет МакМастер, институт антропологии)
1280 Main St. West
Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L9
ph./тел. (+1) 905 525-9140 Ext. 23905
Petra Rethmann
rethman@mcmail.cis.McMaster.CA

Natalie Novik
3505 B Lois Drive 
АК 99517, Anchorage
Alaska, USA
ph./fax-тел./факс (+1) 907-276 6744
alyaska@alyaska.net
translator, consultant (переводчик, консультант)

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
OTHER COUNTRIES
ДРУГИЕ СТРАНЫ_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Gesellschaft für bedrohte Völker (Society for Threatened Peoples; Ассоциация по защите репрессированных иародов)
Pf. 2024, D-37010 Göttingen 
ph./тел. (+49) 551 49 90 60
fax/факс (+49) 551 5 80 28
Yvonne Bangert
info@gfbv.de

New Bulgarian University, Institute for Anthropological Field-Research (Ново-Болгарский Университет, Научно-исследовательский Институт  Антропологии)
BUL-1233 Sofia
P.O.Box 59
Yulian Konstantinov
bsrcs@mbox.cit.bg

University of Queensland Department of Government (Университет Куинслэнд, Отдел управления)
AUS-Brisbane, Queensland 4072
Peter Jull
ph. off./тел. дом. (+61) 7 3365-2635
ph. home/тел. раб. (+61) 7 3878-9726
fax/факс (+61) 7 3365-1388
pjull@tpgi.com.au

Arctic Peoples Alert (Нидерландская организация Arctic Peoples Alert)	
Zusterstraat 58 B
NL-2512 TN Den Haag
ph./тел. (+31) 70 40 20 943
fax/факс (+31) 70 38 82 915
Arctica@planet.nl
Govert de Groot

Horizon Projects (Проектная фирма Horizon)
Provincie Stednweg 400
B-2530 Boechout 
ph./тел. (+32) 3 454 1434 
fax/факс (+32) 3 454 1093
jmertens@werel_missiehul.isabel.be
Fernand Dhondt

Horizon Projects (Проектная фирма Horizon)
Breughelstraat 31-33	
B-2018 Antwerpen 
ph./тел. (+32) -3-218 8488 
fax/факс (+32) 3-230 4540
kwia@agoranet.be

FMCA (Fonds Mondial pour la sauvegarde des Cultures Autochtones) Sibérie 
“Le vigneau”
F-71170 Mussy-sous-Dun
ph./fax-тел./факс (+33) 3 85 26 13 07
fmca-siberie@fnac.net
Christiane Lagrost 
Jean-François Christé	

Survival International (Survival - Международная Инициатива)
11-15 Emerald Street
UK-London WC1N 3QL
survival@gn.apc.org
Sophie Grig

doCip (Indigenous Peoples' Centre for Documentation, Research and Information, Центр документации, исследовании и информации для коренных народов)
14 avenue de Trembley
CH-1209 Genève
ph./тел. (+41) 22-740 34 33
fax/факс (+41) 22-740 3454
docip@iprolink.ch
Pierrette Birraux-Ziegler

Johannes Rohr 
Institut für Ökologie und Aktions-Ethnologie	
Melchiorstr 3	
D-50670 Köln
ph./fax-тел./факс (+49) 221 739 28 71
infoe@comlink.org
j.rohr@comlink.org

Katharina Gernet 
Senefelder Strasse 4
D-10437 Berlin
ph./тел. (+30) 44 20 480
katharina.gernet@web.de
Univ. München, Inst. für Völkerkunde

Florian Stammler	
Kölenstrasse 114	
D-53111 Bonn
ph./fax-тел./факс (+49) 22 86 50 673
Florian.Stammler@uni-koeln.de
Univ. Köln, Inst.of Ethnology

Anna Gossmann	
Münsterer Str. 23	
D-51063 Köln
ph./тел. (+49) 221-64 03 598
Anna.Gossmann@uni-koeln.de
Univ. Köln, Inst. of East European History

Joke Philipsen 
Ieplaan 15
NL-2565 LC Den Haag
philipsen@rullet.LeidenUniv.nl
Cultural Anthropologist/University of Leiden