NNSIPRA BULLETIN 
Norwegian Network for the Support of the Indigenous Peoples of the Russian Arctic (NNSIPRA)
Сеть Норвежских Организаций в Поддержку Коренных Народов Российского Севера

No. 3, November 1999 - English Language Edition

	Secretariat:	Norsk Polarinstitutt, Polarmiljøsenteret, N-9296 Tromsø	E-mail: 	dallmann@npolar.no
				Norwegian Polar Institute, Polar Environmental Centre, 	Phone: 	+47 - 77 75 05 00
				N-9296 Tromsø, Norway	Fax: 	+47 - 77 75 05 01
	Coordinator / Editor:	Winfried K. Dallmann, Tromsø	
	Assistant Coordinator:	Galina Diachkova (Дьячкова Галина), Moscow
	Assistant Editor:	Helle V. Goldman, Tromsø		

NNSIPRA Bulletin is an information publication of the Norwegian Network for the Support of the Indigenous Peoples of the Russian Arctic. The Bulletin is issued twice a year. Additional issues are produced as new information warrants it. The Bulletin is edited in English and Russian and distributed to all registered network participants, as well as relevant state agencies and funding institutions. Distribution is free. All written contributions are appreciated.

NNSIPRA is a communication network linking Russian Indigenous Peoples' Organisations (IPOs) with Norwegian and other international organisations alarmed about the future of the indigenous peoples of the Russian North. NNSIPRA's  main goal is to spread information, to mediate contacts, to assist in project co-ordination and application for funding, and  to ascertain through the IPOs that related Norwegian projects take sufficient care of indigenous peoples’ concerns.

CONTENTS OF THIS EDITION:	

Letter from the Secretariat	3
The immense need for aid and support	3
	Winfried K. Dallmann (Norwegian Polar Institute) and Tove S. Petersen (Arctic Council IPS)
Arctic Leaders Summit III:	5
	Circumpolar leaders reach out to Russian aboriginals	5
	Jane George (reprint from Nunatsiaq News)
	Declaration of the Arctic Leaders Summit III 	5
The Saami/Nordic programme "Capacity building for Russia's indigenous peoples …"	7
	Lars Kullerud (UNEP/GRID-Arendal)
International Public Fund for Support to Social and Economic Developm. of the Northern Indig. Peoples	8
	Stanislav I. Dorzhinkevich (Int. Public Fund)
The indigenous people of the Nenets region and the exploration for oil and gas	9
	Asbjørn Sæbøe (Norsk Hydro)
Conflicts in cultural traditions and habitat use in an Evenk society in Northern Transbaikal	10
	Ole Grøn (NINA-NIKU) and others
Calls for aid from the Russian North	11
	Appeals from representatives of Northern indigenous peoples
Indigenous ethnic groups of the North, Siberia and the Far East of the Russian Federation	15
	Part I: The northern zone: Kola to Kamchatka
	Winfried K. Dallmann (Norwegian Polar Institute) and Galina Diachkova (Inst. of Ethnology and Anthropology)
Notes		32
Meetings	34
Contacts and addresses	35

Letter from the Secretariat

During the past half a year or so since the preceding issue of NNSIPRA Bulletin we have experienced a steadily growing interest, both among worried people in the northern areas of the western world and – in particular – among the indigenous communities in the Russian North. The circulation of the bulletin now exceeds 150 copies in English and Russian, each. 

Emphasizing contributions about and from Russia
This issue includes a variety of articles, but we have tried to concentrate on two main topics. While the two previous issues particularly contained information about activities of Western players on the scene of Russian indigenous peoples, we are now presenting information about and from the Russian North. A chapter introducing some of the individual indigenous groups is meant to provide some basic information about the ethnogeography, lifestyles and problems faced by these people. It is mainly addressed to Western organisations and actual or potential donors in need of basic data. But it also may serve people in Russia to learn more about each other.
The other topic stressed here comes under the heading Calls for aid from the Russian North. These are short appeals from representatives of indigenous communities describing their situation. They are worried about their future which they know well lies in their own hands, but they need help. Representatives of humanitarian organisations and potential donors should read these contributions carefully. Though they are brief and sometimes written without much detail, they indicate well what sort of help is needed. The authors can be contacted for detailed information. Where there are difficulties of communication, the NNSIPRA Secretariat is willing to assist!
From NNSIPRA to ANSIPRA
The Russian Association of Indigenous Peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East (RAIPON) is presently realising its own internal newsletter, financially supported by the Saami/Nordic support programme (see article by L. Kullerud in this issue). NNSIPRA intends to cooperate closely with this new periodical and will try to constitute the international link of the RAIPON Newsletter. Procedures and partitioning of responsibilities will be discussed in the nearest future. When this is realised, NNSIPRA will change its name to ANSIPRA (Arctic Network for the Support of the Indigenous Peoples of the Russian Arctic). 
Though the majority of our present contacts remains situated in Russia and Norway, we hope that cooperation with the RAIPON Newsletter will broaden interest in the other Arctic countries. 
Early next year, NNSIPRA or ANSIPRA will introduce its own homepage on the Internet and thus be available to a much larger public; distribution costs simultaneously will be reduced.

Contact us
Winfried Dallmann - e-mail dallmann@npolar.no
phone: (+47)-77750648/500 (Norwegian, English)
fax: (+47)-77750501
Galina Diachkova - e-mail galina@sever.iea.ras.ru
phone: (+7-095)-938 5719/1871 (Russian, English)
Helle Goldman - e-mail goldman@npolar.no
phone: (+47)-77750618/500 (English)
fax: (+47)-77750501

The immense need for aid and support 

Thoughts on relations between funding/implementing agencies and indigenous peoples' organisations and representatives in Russia

WINFRIED K. DALLMANN, Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromsø
TOVE S. PETERSEN, Arctic Council Indigenous Peoples' Secreatariat, Copenhagen

Since the start of perestroika, global society has increasingly gained access to detailed and up-to-date information from the Russian North. We learned that indigenous societies were facing enormous problems with respect to environmental degradation, dismantling of traditional heritage and ethnic identity, and deterioration of social conditions and health. During recent years, a new political indigenous consciousness has developed. In a country with a very weak civil society we have witnessed that the indigenous peoples have organised themselves politically and developed ideas of cultural revival and self-determination. However, despite the growing political freedom, the overall situation was - and still is - becoming increasingly desperate. This applies to socio-economic aspects such as the unstable and decreasing food and goods supplies, sky-rocketing unemployment rates, degradation of the natural resource base, as well as a catastrophic health situation. 
	In order to mitigate these disastrous trends, several Arctic countries like Canada, Denmark-Greenland and Norway – and certainly also Russia herself - have developed support programmes with various targets and sources of funding. These pioneering and praiseworthy initiatives do, as far as we can judge, aim at fundamentally important targets in areas related to networking, distribution of information, capacity and institution building, environmental restoration and conservation, health care, business development, etc. 
	Despite the generous contributions and laudable efforts on the part of the various projects, we have to admit that international efforts are still very limited and do not meet the scope and volume of needs among Russian indigenous people. The Russian North consists of vast areas spanning nine time-zones, with hundreds of indigenous communities, lying far from each other and from urban centres. Poorly, if at all, connected by modern transportation lines, they often lack even basic tools for communication such as operative phone lines. 
	In light of the immense need for assistance, it does not make sense when representatives of international assistance and funding agencies or programmes express their concern about possibly overlapping or competing measures. We do not share these concerns; there is much more to be done on every single issue than any one donor or country is willing or able to cover completely. We also believe that indigenous organisations have an interest in avoiding dependency on a single donor. Donors should avoid attempting to monopolise cooperations with indigenous representatives, and should recognise that indigenous groups have a legitimate interest in diversifying their donor base. In practice, this means that no one should criticise the fact that indigenous representatives seek funds for similar purposes from various sources. 
	We support the idea of some sort of a coordinating forum that can promote professional coping tools for dealing with the rapidly proliferating needs and the measures initiated to address them. In our mind there should not be any doubt that such a forum could best be initiated and implemented by the Russian Association of Indigenous Peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East of the Russian Federation (RAIPON), which is the legitimate representative of the indigenous peoples of Russia. The Association encompasses 29 chapters of indigenous organisations across the entire Russia. Enjoying the status of a permanent participant of the Arctic Council on behalf of the indigenous peoples of Russia, it is currently seeking a consultative status with the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations.	
	Since the start of the ICC-Canadian and, later, the Danish-Greenlandic initiatives, only a few years ago, RAIPON has undergone a notable transformation. Its capacity to forge international and regional links, to coordinate activities, to raise important issues at various political levels and forums, and to engage in constructive dialogue with other sectors of Russian society has grown enormously. Apart from the human resources of RAIPON, the financial basis provided by international and western donors has been crucial for these achievements. But there is much to be done. To link the regional organisations - and not to forget the hundreds of indigenous communities - all across the Russian North together by communication, to build capacity at regional and local levels, including the building of a legal and economic infrastructure that will ensure the survival of indigenous peoples, are all enormous tasks that have hardly been started. RAIPON's increased capacity is - along with western money - a very important prerequisite to achieve this goal. 
	In this context, it might be advantageous if individuals working at RAIPON were not paid by money from individual projects, so that donors would not expect those persons solely to work with "their" projects. The complexity of problems and of coordinating work needed today demands more flexible solutions where RAIPON plays a more central role in making the appropriate allocation of human and financial resources. This is exactly what RAIPON has gained the capacity to do. Everybody, here in particular the western/international donor and project agents who have contributed to what has been achieved should be proud of this and build further on these achievements. 

Arctic Leaders Summit III
Moscow, 16 September 1999

Circumpolar leaders reach out to Russian aboriginals 

Delegates at the Arctic leaders' Summit in Moscow heard that Russia's aboriginal peoples are living in squalor and misery. 

JANE GEORGE
Reprint from Nunatsiaq News (Iqaluit, Canada) October 1, 1999

MONTREAL. — Shocking testimony from Russia's northern peoples about their dreadful living conditions dominated the recent Arctic Leaders summit two weeks ago in Moscow. 
	"We wanted to give them the floor," said Sheila Watt-Cloutier, Canadian president of the Inuit Circumpolar Conference. 
	The Arctic Leader's Summit brought together the leaders of the circumpolar world's aboriginal peoples — Inuit, Sami, Aleuts and Russia's northern peoples. 
	Delegates offered silent support as they listened to the sad stories of a region that's been left on its own to survive or die. 
	Watt-Cloutier said that stories told at the summit brought home the "sad reality of the state of health and poverty" in Russia's North. 
	"The non-indigenous people are leaving Siberia and taking their resources and technology with them," Watt-Cloutier said. 
	According to a recent report of the International Working Group on Indigenous Affairs, the situation in Russia's North is increasingly bleak. 
	With no nationwide legislation to protect the rights of native people, there is little official protection for the livelihood or resources of 200,000 northern indigenous people in Russia. 
	Fewer and fewer of them are able to pursue traditional activities. Reindeer herds have decreased by over 900,000 since 1990, and biologists now say that the breeding nucleus of the herd has been destroyed. 
	At the same time, unemployment among Russia's northern peoples has risen to between 45 and 100 per cent. 
	And the state of health of this destitute population is deteriorating. The rate of tuberculosis is three to four times higher among northern indigenous peoples than in the rest of Russia. Their rate of alcoholism is 12 to 14 times higher, although there are no controls on the sale of alcohol. 
	Last year, ICC came under fire for its delivery of food and other essential items to Chutkotka, because the gesture was seen as overly expensive. 
	But ICC now plans to set up a more modest, Inuit-to-Inuit aid campaign, to deliver essential hunting equipment to Chutkotka before winter. A former resident of that region, who now lives in Ottawa, will spend three months coordinating the drive. 
	Watt-Cloutier said the ICC also plans to pursue the second phase of its capacity-building project in Russia, to strengthen the role and importance of groups that work with aboriginal peoples. 
	ICC has has submitted its new project proposal to the Canadian International Development Agency. Its goal would be to set up mini-economic projects and a training centre. 
	In 1995, ICC received $1.9 million from the federal government to oversee a project to help Russia create new aboriginal and northern policies.

Declaration of the Arctic Leaders Summit III	

Moscow, 16 September 1999

We, the leaders of the Aleut International Association, the Inuit Circumpolar Conference, the Russian Association of Indigenous Peoples of the North, and the Saami Council:
Being deeply concerned for the health and welfare of our peoples;
Noting the very high level of social pathologies among our peoples, as best illustrated by indigenous peoples of the Russian North, particularly alcohol and substance abuse, high infant mortality rates, low life expectancy and the very serious psychological and physical effects of these pathologies;
Noting that persistent toxic substances generated and used in industrial and agricultural regions of the globe enter the Arctic, contaminating the environment and food chain upon which we so intimately depend, raising serious concerns about public health;
Recognizing that environmental degradation in the Arctic has immediate and long-term effects on indigenous peoples through economic, social and demographic stressors;
Acknowledging the important sustainable development activities of the Arctic Council, including the "Children and Youth of the Arctic" initiative, and the results of the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP);
Welcoming the recently agreed Memorandum of Understanding between the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) to enhance co-operation in the field of Environmental Health, with specific emphasis on collaborative projects in the Arctic involving indigenous peoples of this region;
Noting the recent decision of the Environment Ministers of the Barents Region to initiate programmes on environmental aspects of human health, particularly health of indigenous peoples of the region, as a matter of the highest priority;
Noting the crucial importance of maintaining the diverse lifestyles and cultures of Arctic indigenous peoples;
Taking into account ongoing national activities of the Arctic countries and bilateral co-operation among them to improve the health of the region's indigenous peoples and to promote sustainable development and environmental protection in this fragile and vulnerable region.
Hereby Declare:
1.	We strongly support actions on global, regional and national levels to improve the state of health of Arctic indigenous peoples and their natural environment, and encourage our organizations to continue their valuable work in these processes;
2.	We request governments of the Arctic countries to take legislative, economic and social steps to protect the natural environment and to improve the living conditions and health of the region's indigenous peoples and to promote their cultural diversity;

3.	We support the Polar Task Force established by the United Nations Environment Programme and urge the task force to consult with us regarding its mandate, terms of reference and work programme;
4.	Support the Arctic Council's implementation of a comprehensive circumpolar Children and Youth project under its Sustainable Development Programme;
5.	Urge the Arctic Council, UNEP, and WHO to establish as soon as possible the proposed circumpolar co-operative programme: "Health and Environment of Indigenous Peoples", with active participation of the Indigenous Peoples Organizations;
6.	Urge Arctic nations to act in mutual support in ongoing international negotiations toward a global convention to phase out the use of persistent organic pollutants that have shown to be of public health concern in the Arctic;
7.	Express our support for the proposed Global Environmental Facility (GEF) funded project: "Persistent Toxic Substances, Food Security and Indigenous Peoples of the Russian North", noting this project will provide a valuable contribution to the human health sub-programme of AMAP and the proposed circumpolar co-operative programme to be implemented by UNEP and WHO;
8.	Call upon the Government of the Russian Federation to reinstitute medical and health care programmes for nomadic indigenous peoples;
9.	Call upon the World Bank to ensure that the rights and interests of indigenous peoples of northern Russia are fully considered in any projects in this region that are financially supported by the bank.
10.	We urge the Government of Russia to work closely with the northern indigenous peoples to increase their capability and capacity to implement health care programmes.
11.	We urge governments in the circumpolar Arctic to consult northern indigenous peoples to design health care programmes that incorporate traditional methods and practices.

President of the Inuit Circumpolar Conference
Aqqaluk Lynge

President of the Saami Council
Lars-Anders Baer

Vice-President of the Aleut International Association
Vladimir Dobrynin

President of the Russian Association of Indigenous Peoples of the North
Sergey Kharyuchi

The Saami/Nordic programme "Capacity building for Russia’s indigenous peoples and promoting their participation in the sustainable development of the Arctic"

LARS KULLERUD, Polar coordinator, UNEP/GRID-Arendal

The main purpose of the programme is to
•	develop the capacity of the regional and central organisations of the indigenous peoples of Russia in the fields of communication, information, environmental knowledge and awareness raising;
•	strengthen the movement of Russian indigenous peoples as participants in the democratic development of Russia;
•	strengthen the Russian indigenous peoples' ability to address and seek solutions for their many urgent problems;
•	support sustainable development in Arctic Russia.

To achieve this, the programme is developed as six separate projects that can be funded and run fairly independently. The proposed projects are:

1.	Networking: Focusing on a RAIPON newsletter in Russian and an Internet home page with key information in Russian and English and the necessary information service training for RAIPON staff;
2.	Communication: To identify solutions for regional communication needs within individual indigenous groups in Northern Russia; 
3.	Environmental Impact Assessments: Develop capacity among the indigenous peoples in the fields of assessments of existing and planned industrial, communication and conservation developments that may have an impact on indigenous peoples and their environment;
4.	Legal regime: Development of capacity within RAIPON to address issues related to existing regulations, and the development of new regulations related to environment and natural resources; 
5.	Regional Environmental Information: State of environment reports and traditional land-use mapping at the local and regional level with a focus on indigenous peoples and their traditional lifestyles;
6.	Small Business Development: The establishment of a small business commission with a focus on sustaining traditional, and indigenous lifestyles including microcredit systems.
In addition to the above there is a need for programme management, fund-raising, and co-ordination with other existing or planned projects.
The Norwegian government through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs has declared their will to support this programme by funding its networking and management aspects. The funding was made dependent on the programme's ability to raise funds for the other activities.
	During the Arctic Leaders' Summit in Moscow, September 1999, the first meeting of the programme advisory board was held. The advisory board consists of:
Sami Council, Leif Halonen (chairman)
RAIPON, Sergey Kirillin, 1st Vice President
UNEP/GRID-Arendal, Svein Tveitdal, Managing Director
RF Ministry of Regional Policy, Vitaly Shelest, Senior Arctic Official
Barents Region Indigenous Peoples Programme, Alf Nystad, Special Advisor 
Norwegian Network for the Support of the Indigenous Peoples of the Russian Arctic, The Norwegian Polar Institute, Winfried K. Dallmann 
The implementing agency of the programme is UNEP/GRID-Arendal, while RAIPON staff will manage the project on information. Coordination with other activities is secured through the new consultative board on international projects established by RAIPON aiming at improved coordination, optimal resource use and transparency. This coordinating unit includes representatives from AMAP, Canada/ICC, the Danish/Greenlandian project, and the Saami/ Nordic programme.
	The main focus for 1999 and early 2000 will be to establish the project organisation, to produce the first issues of the RAIPON Newsletter and to create the first version of the web site. The Norwegian Network for the Support of the Indigenous Peoples of the Russian Arctic (NNSIPRA) has offered to join forces so that the NNSIPRA Bulletin could become the international link of the RAIPON Newsletter. 
	One of the present main challenges is to raise funding for the other aspects of the programme. Currently it has been agreed with SIDA (Swedish Int. Development Agency) to work out a project proposal on legal issues. A workshop on telecommunication was held in August in cooperation with ESA (European Space Agency) which focused on the needs of the indigenous peoples of the Russian Arctic, and where it was agreed on a process towards test implementation of a light satellite based system. Discussions on opportunities for funding Environmental Impact Assessments and Small Business Development projects are also underway. The programme welcomes cooperative efforts from other initiatives aiming at the same overall goals.

International Public Fund for Support to Social and Economic Development of the Northern Indigenous Peoples

STANISLAV IRENEUSHOVICH DORZHINKEVICH, General Director
117415 Moskva, pr. Vernadskogo 37, build. 2, office no. 527
phone/fax: +1-(095) 181 9757, 938 9534, e-mail: founip@dol.ru

The International Public Fund for Support to Social and Economic Development of the Northern Indigenous Peoples was established in accordance with the Decree of the Russian Government No. 1099 of 13 Sept. 1996 as a mechanism for raising public funding for the Federal programme "Economic and Social Development of the Northern Indigenous Peoples towards the Year 2000". It was registered at the Russian Ministry of Justice on 22 May 1998.
	The Russian Association of Indigenous Peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East is the founder of the Fund and has 50% of the votes in the Fund's board. 
	The aim of the Fund is to support efforts to establish a basis for the Northern Peoples' self-development and self-determination in their residence areas by protecting the regions' natural resources and by rebuilding traditional subsistence patterns under the modern economic conditions.
	The main tasks of the Fund are to: 
•	organise mechanisms to attract public funding to finance investments and complex projects under the Federal programme "Economic and Social Development of the Northern Indigenous Peoples towards the Year 2000" and other projects or beneficial measures for the indigenous minorities of the North;
•	participate in establishing an infrastructure which would support small business development in the residence areas of the Northern indigenous peoples;
•	investigate the market for Northern products and work out measures to promote these products to the domestic and foreign market;
•	participate in establishing an infrastructure for northern and ethnic tourism;
•	support the exchange of information between indigenous enterprises, support regional organisations and indigenous comunities in their negotiations with various companies and organisations which exploit natural resources in the indigenous residence areas, especially with respect to environmental protection and to the socio-economic development of indigenous peoples;
•	carry out beneficial measures;
•	carry out measures to avoid and eliminate negative consequences of exceptional situations in the northern indigenous residence areas.
At the present time the activity of the Fund is directed towards cooperation with clan councils and other indigenous institutions in order to determine priority projects, to work out business plans, to attract funding and to train personnel.

Project "Technology for socio-economic development"

By implementing the Technology project the Fund is safeguarding its aim to establish conditions for the preservation and development of the Northern indigenous peoples as ethnic groups, based upon these peoples' traditional ways of subsistence in their own residence areas. "Technology for socio-economic development" envisages measures resulting in a transition from the present socio-economic level to a more desirable one, which may be shaped by taking into account the results of a sociological investigation. The Technology project is meant to secure the balancing of interests of the population, various authority levels and enterprises.
	The project will be based on the assumption that the indigenous people have the right to make their own decisions with respect to:
•	pursuing a traditional subsistence mode (a closed system with limited contacts with the non-indigenous population) or orienting themselves towards a market economy (a very open system);
•	pursuing a mixed or traditional economy for which special education is needed (processing, sale, commodity exchange, transport, etc.);
•	receiving special education for other trades (health service, education, civil service, etc.).
It is a priority task to develop, produce, and promote a Northern product. The Northern product must gain its share on the market and maintain its position despite harsh competition. While solving these problems, one has to think along the following lines:
-	the market – investigating the market, choosing a Northern product (or service), working out a marketing strategy and tactics to control changes on the market; 
-	the product – organising the production of the Northern product (or service) and its position in the system of commodity exchange.
The role of small factories for the production is obvious, and not only with respect to the simple exchange of raw materials, which the indigenous population barters for weapons, powder, salt, etc. Such a factory must, besides storage and refrigerating space, also possess modern facilities for processing traditional products and the Northern product, as well as means for transportation and communication. 
	The path of socio-economic reform has to be walked by each people, stimulated by its leaders (whether we talk about a tribe, village, community or region). It is also important to understand that the individuals, the families, the peoples have to solve their own problems. Everyone has to walk the road by himself. This is conditional for the realisation of any self-development or self-determination.

The indigenous people of the Nenets region and the exploration for oil and gas

ASBJØRN SÆBØE, New Ventures Manager, Norsk Hydro E&P international

North of the Arctic Circle in the European part of Russia stretches the tundra of the Nenets people, between the Komi Republic and the Pechora Sea. 125,000 square kilometers of a very flat landscape with sparse vegetation, cut by numerous large and small rivers, spotted with glacially formed lakes. On a nice summer day, from the vantage point of an airplane window, these lakes look like mirrors dropped randomly on the tundra. The vegetation is not dense, but low birch trees grow where low ridges rise from the swamps, and where larger rivers have cut into the landscape there are firs and pines. All of this gets more and more scarce as one travels further north. This is the land of the Nenets.
	There are not many of them. The Nenets Autonomous Okrug has about 45,000 inhabitants. More than half of them live in the capital Naryan-Mar. The rest, living in small villages or on the tundra, include about 6000 Nenets. They breed their reindeers as they have always done, but life has become more difficult since oil and gas were found. When the oil companies moved in during the 70's and 80's it was important to find as much oil as possible in the shortest possible time. Naturally, this influenced the life of the Nenets. After the collapse of the Soviet Union and the Russian economy, oil and gas exploration have slowed down considerably.
	The awareness of protecting the environment and the rights of the indigenous population has grown both among the authorities and within the industry. In the new license agreement there are strict rules on how to work and ways of protecting the rights of the use of the land. The international oil and gas industry wants to work closely with those already using - and living from - the tundra.

	Prior to entering into a new region, oil companies always evaluate the habitat of the regions. They make environmental studies, impact assessments, and communicate with central and local authorities as well as the communities in the region where they plan to start operation. This has been done - and will continuously be done - in the Nenets Okrug.
	This summer, together with the French company Total/Fina, Norsk Hydro has started up test production in the Kharyaga field, 150 km ESE of Naryan-Mar. After a testing period of 1.5 years, a possible full development of the field will be decided. To my knowledge the relationship between the international oil companies and the Nenets has been functioning very well. Those companies working in the region are paying an annual contribution to the population, a so-called social fund paid to the local authorities. Those companies which do not have any operations yet have from time to time given grants both in the form of money and supplies to those villages in need of it. I also know that companies have been trying to assist with transporting slaughtered reindeer when they have had transport into the region. These types of cooperative arrangements will most likely continue whenever it is practicable.
	There is no doubt that there are many areas that might cause concern and possible conflicts between the oil companies and the indigenous people of the Arctic regions, but both parts have shown a willingness to solve the problems before they occur, and if this willingness continues, I am sure that oil fields development and oil production will be to the benefit of all of those living and working in the region.

Conflicts in cultural traditions and habitat use in an Evenk society in Northern Transbaikal: the development of sustainability strategies for a stressed environment. 

Norwegian Foundation for Nature Research and Cultural Heritage Research (NINA-NIKU), Chita State Technical University, The Chita Regional Museum of Human and Natural History (CRM), The University Museum of National Antiquities (IAKN), Oslo

Project leader: OLE GRØN, Head of Dept. (NINA-NIKU)
Russian project leader, research archaeologist: OLEG KUZNETSOV, Head of Dept. (Tech. Univ. Chita)
Research ecologist: NILS RØV (NINA-NIKU)
Research social anthropologist: ALEX YANKOV (CRM)
Conservator: TORUNN KLOKKERNESS, Head of Dept. (IAKN)
Zooarchaeologist: YOSHIKO ABE, PhD student (State Univ. of New York)

During the summer of 1999, a joint Russian – Norwegian research team (ethno-archaeology/ecology) made their third visit to the Chara area in Northern Transbaikal, in order to follow up earlier studies on the material and spiritual culture of the Evenks, the indigenous hunters of that area. The aim of the project is to contribute to the development of strategies that will facilitate the implementation of ecological, cultural and psycho-social sustainability in a stressed environment. 
	The region is rich in minerals such as uranium, copper, vanadium, iron, coal etc. and a deep conflict has developed between the Evenks who depend on the natural resources in their traditional hunting area and the local and central authorities who desperately need earnings from the exploitation of the minerals. The construction of the Baikal-Amur-Railway through the Northern Transbaikal from the early 60's has strongly influenced a segment of the Evenk population, whereas others have maintained a traditional life-style based on hunting and fishing. In the 60's the authorities tried to organise many Evenks in reindeer-herding sovkhozes, barring them from many of their traditional Evenkian hunting territories. One such sovkhoz was established at the central Evenkian settlement Chapo-Ologo. 
	From the early 90's economic support to the Evenks in Chapa-Ologo decreased considerably, motivating a number of them to resume a life-style based on hunting. In 1998 the building of the first of four planned side-tracks to the railway started, which will make it possible to transport minerals from a planned mining area. However, it will cut through an area with Evenkian settlements still used by the hunters. Be-
cause the authorities did not consult the Evenks on the matter, this has caused both rage and apathy amongst the latter.
	Although the majority of the semi-nomadic Evenks have been forced to settle in villages, some groups who live in remote areas have practised a subsistence economy based on their traditional way of life. In July, members of the team visited the summer camp of a family group in the mountainous taiga at the Nichatka Lake. The camp was located on a riverside at the northern outlet of the lake. The nearest Russian settlement is 150 km away, across a rough terrain with mountain passes and steep valleys. Because of this location the Russian administration has little information about or control over these people. 
	The Evenk family regularly moves between summer and winter settlements. At present, the household consists of five persons. They herd a flock of 36 reindeer (calves included) which are used for transportation and milking. Wild reindeer is their main food during winter, and in summer the staples are fish and reindeer milk. Moose, red deer and musk deer as well as smaller game are hunted all year round. Wild berries and onions are stored for the winter. 
	Two members of the research team stayed in Chapo Ologo in the Chara area, to collect information about earlier traditions and present day life of those who lived in the village. In particular, tanning and animal hide preservation techniques were studied. 
	A network of personal contacts to the relevant research and administration bodies in Transbaikal has been developed, including the Evenks’ community in Chapo Ologo.

Calls for aid from the Russian North

Critical conditions in Chukotka

GALINA DIACHKOVA, Inst. of Ethnology and Anthropology, galina@sever.iea.ras.ru 

In the Autonomous Okrug of Chukotka live more than 11,000 Chukchi; their self-designations are Lyg"oravetlat or Lauravetlany, which means "the real people". Their main traditional occupations are reindeer herding (70%) and marine hunting (30%). 25% of the domestic reindeer population of the Russian Federation, that is, 550,000 animals, were concentrated in Chukotka in the beginning of the 1990s. At present, the number of reindeers has dropped to 112,000 because of the rash reorganisation of the reindeer farms. For instance, at the reindeer farm "Vaezhskiy", in the community of Anadyr, reindeers numbered 27,000 in 1989, but dropped to 2,700 by 1999. The bases of reindeer farming are the national villages1, in which about 90% of the Chukchi and other indigenous peoples live. 
	In addition to Chukchi, the 40 national villages of Chukotka are also home to Yupik, Evens, Yukagirs, Koryaks and Chuvans. The total population of the indigenous population is 14,500. Socio-economic and transportation problems make it difficult to supply food and vital industrial products to the national villages. The people live at the edge of survival. They depend on humanitarian aid in the form of food, medicine, clothes and shoes. Thanks to the ICC (Inuit Circumpolar Conference), such help was recently provided to the 1500 Yupik (Eskimo group at the Bering Strait) of Chukotka. 
	The problems confronting reindeer husbandry and marine hunting in these areas are severe. Investments into these trades are absolutely necessary. We would gladly cooperate with all organisations and individuals that wish to provide their kind help to the indigenous peoples of Chukotka.

1 Editor's comment: National villages are communities dominated by indigenous population with traditional occupations, where special land-use rights are applied.

The village Paren' needs help

GALINA ANDREEVA NUTELKHUT, vice-chairman of the youth organisation 'Ethnoinitiative', Kamchatka 
yupik@elrus.kamchatka.su

The village of Paren' is situated in the Penzhinsk Community, on the western coast of the Kamchatkan Peninsula, where mainly Koryak people live. Because of the difficult economic situation1, the village receives a very small supply of food and vital industrial products, compared with the other parts of the population of the Penzhinsk Community. The kindergarten, the school and the hospital are in critical condition. The absence of industry in the village has led to a high unemployment rate. People cannot acquire motors for their boats and other fishing equipment anymore. Fuel is not sufficiently available either. 
	We would be very grateful for humanitarian aid to the Poytel"o tribe of the Koryak people.

1 Editor's comment: The infrastructure of the national villages is in general less developed, and the economic situation worse, than in other settlements.

Help for the inhabitants of the village Ola

IRINA MIKHAJLOVA YASHCHENKO, chairman of the Ola branch of the RAIPON Regional Association of the Magadan Oblast, phone/fax +7-41 341-25 271, pilc@online.magadan.su

The Ola branch of the RAIPON Regional Association of the Magadan Oblast, which has about 620 members of indigenous groups, is circulating a request for humanitarian aid. The majority of the population is unemployed because of the absence of jobs. Parents have not received any allowance for children since 19971. About 70% of the children are registered with chronic illnesses at the health stations. There are no financial means for medical treatment of the children. The Association is asking for humanitarian aid for their members in the form of medicines, and also in the form of clothes and shoes.

For the children of Magadan

LESYA VLADIMIROVNA LAVRISHCHUK, vice-chairman, youth section of RAIPON branch of Magadan, phone/fax +7-41 322-23 289 pilc@online.magadan.su

The Magadan Branch of RAIPON is asking for humanitarian aid for the growing number of indigenous children at the secondary schools of Magadan. Parents have not received any allowance for children since 19971. About 100 children are lacking medicines, clothes and shoes. We would appreciate any suggestions and help from other organisations.

1 Editor's comment: All Russian parents are entitled by law to receive a children's allowance

Ecological conditions in the Ulchskiy Community

TATYANA SAMSONOVNA ANGINA, Member of the Ulchi Association, 682420 Bulava, Ulchskiy Rayon, Khabarovskiy Kray

The Ulchskiy Community is situated in the Khabaroskiy Kray. The population of the Community numbers 28,000 people. 4000 of these belong to indigenous groups, 2229 of which are Ulchi. Most of them live in the village of Bulava. A large part of the population capable of working is unable to find any employment. There is no enterprise in the community that would deal with fur farming of valuable animals like sabel, kolonok, otter, fox, mink, squirrel or raccoon. Until recent times, the main source of food and clothes was fishery. But during recent years, the situation has become difficult. The Amur River has been polluted with phenols. In the Kadi Lake, where there used to be plenty of fish, 9 t of oil were spilled in 1998. The construction of oil installations is causing environmental damage: as forests are cut down, the Amur River dries up, making water transportation between many villages impossible. The ecological conditions affect people's health. There is an increase in the frequency of oncological diseases. In the village of Bulava alone, 3-4 people die of cancer every year. The fires of last year intensified the prevalence of chronic diseases. The number of premature child births has increased. Relatively healthy parents give birth to children which are not able to survive. People have no access to medical care, either at local or regional health care facilities. 
	The Ulchi Association of Indigenous People is seeking financial means for the medical examination and treatment of the people of Bulava, for the employment of afforestation workers, and for the construction of a fish processing factory.

Without drinking water

OLGA TERLETSKAYA, editor and journalist, Naryan-Mar, Nenets Autonomous Okrug rednv@atnet.ru

At the Barents Sea coast at Cheshskaya Guba, in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the two reindeer herding communities Indiga and Vyucheyskiy are situated. About 2000 people live there, mainly Nenets reindeer breeders. Some time ago, in one of the villages, there was a canning factory which produced tinned fish and meat. However, it had to be closed down because of the lack of drinking water. In the area around the villages, the water is salty due to the proximity of the sea. In the winter, the inhabitants have to melt snow and ice, while in the summer, water must be brought in from an adjacent artificial reservoir. Therefore, people have always faced problems with food preparation and washing. Compounding matters, a local tragedy occurred in the summer of 1994 - diesel fuel was spilled into the reservoir by negligent military troops. The damage amounted to 170 million rubles at the rates of 1994, but the local community only received 3 million rubles in compensation. Since then, drinking water problems have been severe, and the consequences cannot be predicted if no immediate measures are taken. 		 October 1999

Indigenous enterprise1 project to develop the fishing industry

SERGEY SERGEEVICH TAVYNIN, Chairman of the community "Kayumkan", zprco@mail.kamchatka.ru

The limited company "Kayumkan" was formed out of the two active indigenous enterprises "Yanotkor" and "Umka". During the salmon fishing season in 1999, the enterprises caught ca. 800 t fish. Lacking their own fish-processing equipment, the indigenous enterprises delivered their catch to fish-processing vessels which took 60% of the profits for their services. 
	"Kayumkan" owns equipment like a fixed fishing net, a pontoon for the transport of living fish, a pontoon for fish-processing, etc., of a total value of 870,000 rubles. Additionally, the community has acquired a loan, and additional financial means from the administration of the Koryak Autonomous Okrug and Goskomsever, and modules for a fish factory (freezing chamber, refrigerator, diesel generator).
	The tribal community, joining its efforts in "Kayumkan", seeks to establish its own fish-processing in order to become independent of the commercial vessels' exorbitant demands. This would allow us to increase the revenue which not only would be going to develop the community, but also would be beneficial for the social requirements of the Koryak Autonomous Okrug. Revenues could be used to help reindeer herdsmen with provisions, to support the indigenous youth centre in the village of Ossora, etc.
	Presently, the society is looking for financial means amounting to US$ 505,000 to acquire fishing equipment. Detailed information is available in the business plan of "Kayumkan".

1 Editor's comment: "Indigenous enterprise", here translated from the Russian term "National enterprise", is an economic enterprise of an indigenous community aimed at the economic development of the community (comparable to tribal enterprises in the USA). The Russian term "National enterprise" may also be used for enterprises of ethnic groups other than indigenous ones.

The establishement of a Traditional Land-Use Territory

LYUDMILA IGNATENKO, President of the Union of Northern indigenous communities of Kamchatka "Yayar", yupik@elrus.kamchatka.su

For more than 30 years, the land in the south of the Kamchatkan Oblast has been the subject of various experiments and of privatisation. Uncontrolled land-use in connection with gold mining has led to the degradation of residence areas and to the destruction of the last islands of indigenous culture. It is therefore vital for our communities to establish a Traditional Land-Use Territory. In order to get through various legal and other procedures related to the establishement of such a territory, it is necessary to provide for wide capacity building among our community members. We would like to achieve this with the help of funding. It is necessary to define the area for traditional land-use, to carry out topographical work, and to determine the optimal economic orientation for people of this area. Subsequently, it will be essential to consolidate the constitutional land rights for the communities of the territory and to protect the original residence area of the indigenous people of the Elizovsk District. The indigenous people of southern Kamchatka do not wish to oppose their interests to those of the non-indigenous population. But the conservation of these original residence areas has always been a living law for our ancestors and therefore constitutes a fulfilment of our obligations towards our descendants.

Reindeer breeding in the Koryak Autonomous Okrug

PAVEL KRAPOVITSKIY, manager of the Agricultural Department of the Koryak Autonomous Okrug

Under the conditions of the free market, without federal support, and without support by the okrug administration or the local authorities, the reindeer breeding economy of the okrug is in a disastrous situation. 
	In 1990, the number of employed people in the sovkhozes of the okrug was 2114, of which 870 were involved in reindeer farming. This activity fulfilled the economic needs of reindeer-herding specialists in rural areas. But after reindeer husbandry was subsequently reformed, reindeer farming enterprises lost more than 60% of their qualified staff. At present, 550 persons are employed in the sovkhozes of the okrug, of which 280 work in reindeer farming. Three out of nine sovkhozes are lacking leaders. Outstanding salary payments as of 1 January 1999 amounted to 6.8 million rubles.
	The production of reindeer meat in the okrug in 1998 was 440 t - only 12.5% of the 3500 t produced in 1990. 
	According to the Statistical Committee of the Okrug, the number of domesticated reindeer in all forms of ownership was 55,000 as of 1 January 1999. This is a decline of 13%, or 8470 animals, compared to the preceding year. The annual decline of the previous years was 20-25%. At present, the main reasons for the decline of reindeer numbers are unproductive waste due to casualties, including those caused by wolves, and poaching. The allowance from the federal budget for the culling of wolves in 1998 resulted in fewer reindeer losses, from 32,800 lost in 1997 to 20,000 in 1998. But the 1998 wolf culling allowance – approximately 500,000 rubles – was not sufficient to limit reindeer predation to a tolerable level. 
	Recently reindeer farming has lost its own circulating capital. The creditor’s indebtedness increases. The losses of production activity are growing as a result of high costs of products. There is virtually no funding from the regional budget on reindeer farming, which is the basic agricultural basis of the region. Thus, it was planned to allocate 18 million rubles from the regional budget to reindeer farming in 1998, but actually only 2.2 million rubles (12% of the sum) were paid. The indebtedness of the regional budget on allocating funds for agriculture now amounts to 27.5 million rubles and is increasing annually.
	In the budget of 1999, grants for the rural economy were almost two third less than in 1998 and constitute less than 2% of the entire budget.
	In order to prevent the further decrease in reindeer numbers, it is necessary to stop the slaughter of reindeer to realise an immediate income form the sale of meat, to reconsider the existing payment practices for meat subsidies, and to pay these subsidies directly to the reindeer farmers. Building up reindeer numbers will entail reorientating the reindeer economy toward such activities as stocking up on new antlers, gathering antlers, and so on.

About the formation of youth organisations

LESYA VLADIMIROVNA LAVRISHCHUK, vice-chairman, Youth Section of RAIPON branch of Magadan, phone/fax +7-41 322-23 289, pilc@online.magadan.su

The youth section of the RAIPON branch of Magadan is going to form a youth organisation with representatives of the northern indigenous population. The Magadan Oblast is home to Evens, Chukchi, Yukagirs, Koryaks and other indigenous groups with small populations - totalling altogether 5800 individuals. The organisation committee is proposing to organise the following courses for young people: business development, book-keeping, data processing, and basic law. To carry this out, we need funding to purchase the equipment to establish a communication system between the youth organisations of the individual communities. All interested organisations and individuals capable of helping us are kindly asked to contact us at the above phone/fax number or email address.

Creation of the youth organisation "KOYANA" ("Reindeer calf")

SERGEY SERGEEVICH TAVYNIN, Chairman of the RAIPON Regional Association of Ossora

With the aim of promoting young people in indigenous environments, the public youth organisation "Koyana" is being created. Its main tasks are the support of higher and technical education of the youth, the development of national art, and capacity building in the organisation. 
	An organisation committee for the formation of the youth organisation "Koyana" has been formed. For the time being, financial means on the order of US$ 15,000 for the acquisition of premises are needed, as well as for technical and other equipment for ca. US$ 50,000. We would be very grateful for any suggestions. 

Traditional arts in the village of Bulava

TATYANA SAMSONOVNA ANGINA, Member of the Ulchi Association, 682420 Bulava, Ulchskiy Rayon, Khabarovskiy Kray

In the village of Bulava, the necessity has become urgent to form a centre where children can carry out different sorts of activities. At present, the group dealing with contemporary dances and songs includes 72 children, while the traditional dancing group totals 30. The dancing groups are in need of financial support for equipment and costumes. The House of Culture building needs major repairs . 
	The Association of Indigenous Peoples at Bulava is seeking support for the children groups "Diro", "Nadezhda" and "Giva" for the purchase of equipment, and also for support in training craftsmen in the arts of wooden crafts and embroidery. 

Indigenous ethnic groups of the North, Siberia and the Far East of the Russian Federation

Part I: The northern zone - Kola to Kamchatka

WINFRIED DALLMANN, Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromsø
GALINA DIACHKOVA, Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Moscow

This is the first of two planned contributions providing basic information on the ethnic groups indigenous to the North, Siberia and the Far East of the Russian Federation. Officially, Russia lists 30 ethnic groups in this category (156,038 individuals acc. to statistics of 01.01.1998). The 15 northernmost groups residing in areas at or close to the Arctic coasts are treated in the first part, in this issue.

The ethnographic subdivision into "indigenous peoples" (Russian: korennye narody) is a result of the tsaristic policy of lumping native northerners according to language and other cultural features. Unlike the North American policy, where clans, bands and village communities of indigenous Americans were categorized into tribal entities, the tsaristic policy aimed at creating larger peoples or nations which seemed to be easier to handle. This ethnic subdivision was continuously pursued during the Soviet era and strongly influenced indigenous ethnic identity, although many of the individual groups still suffer from the lack of a sufficiently varied language policy. Since the Perestroyka era and the subsequent abandonment of Soviet policies, many ethnic groups have been trying to revive their former clan structures along with traditional subsistence patterns, although mainly within the framework of the ethnic groupings established during the tsaristic and Soviet era.

Notes for using the information contained herein:

1. The presented information is mainly taken from the INSROP Working Paper No. 90 "Indigenous peoples of the northern part of the Russian Federation and their environment" by W.K. Dallmann (1997). The ethnographic information has been compiled from other sources. For literature references, the reader is referred to the cited report which can be purchased from the Fridtjof Nansen Institute.

2. Of those peoples living across the border in other countries - the Saami, Yupik, Aleuts and Evenks - only those living on the territory of the Russian Federation are considered.

3. The authors would like to mention that subgroups of three large native peoples, the Komi, Yakuts and Buryats, pursue similar traditional occupations as the smaller indigenous minority groups. Belonging to titular nations of republics within the Russian Federation, these groups are not considered as "indigenous" in Russia. 

We encourage representatives of the ethnic groups introduced here to inform us about errors and important gaps in the presented information.

We also encourage representatives of the remaining ethnic groups of the North, Siberia and the Far East of the R.F. to contribute comparable information about themselves, to be presented in a subsequent issue of the Bulletin.

MAP

Eastern Saami	
 Self-designation(s) (singular, ISO spelling)	Saam'   (Northern Saami: Sápmi)	
“Official” name(s) (plural form)	Russ.: саамы   Engl.: Saami   Norw./Swed.: Samer   Finn.: Saamit	
Other names (plural form)	Russ.: лопари   Engl.: Lapps, Laplanders	
Residence area(s)	Kola Peninsula (Murmanskaya Oblast), except for southern reaches
Major number of Saami live in Norway, Sweden and Finland	
Population 
(for USSR/Russia: census 1989 / 01.01.1998 statistics)	Total Saami population: 	60-70,000	 (including Nordic countries)
Former Soviet Union: 	1,890
Russian Federation: 	1,835	1,105
Murmanskaya Oblast: 	1,615	1,102	
Rural population (% in Russ. Fed.)	60.9%	
Ethnic affiliation	Finno-Ugric group	
National language	Saami        dialects, main dialect: Kildin	
Affiliation of national language	Language family: Uralic   Group: Finno-Ugric   	
Status of national language (1989) 	Mother tongue:  42%          Speaking fluently:  49%	
Cultural centre(s)	Lovozero (Saami: Lujäurr)	
Aut. okrug(s) or ethnic territor. area(s) : Centre(s) : ethnic % of total district popul.	Murmanskaya Oblast: 0.2 %	
Traditional culture	Trad. semi-nomadic, combination subsistence; inland and coastal, not strictly distinct. Today settled	
Ethno-geography:
The eastern branch of the Saami live on the Kola Peninsula, in the Murmanskaya Oblast. Their official number has not changed significantly since the beginning of the century. A small number of Eastern Saami, the Skolt-Saami, live in Neiden (NE Norway) and Sevettijärvi (NE Finland); these are the people, and their ancestors, that fled from Suenjel in the Pechenga area, when Russia gained the latter from Finland by the end of World War II. 
	Today, the cultural centre of the Kola Saami is the town Lovozero (saam.: Lujäurr), where about half of the Russian Saami population live (official number 790; acc. to Saami evaluation ca. 1000; of a total of 3700 inhabitants). The remaining population consists mainly of Russians and Izhma-Komi, and some Nenets. The Kola Saami live mainly in 11 small villages across the peninsula, except for the southern part (Terskiy Bereg). The Soviet urbanisation policy considerably affected the Saami. 22 of their villages were liquidated between the 1930s and the 1970s, and the population was forced to settle in Lovozero. 	
Lifestyle and subsistence of rural population:
The traditional occupation of the Kola Saami is that of a combination subsistence, with hunting, fishing, gathering and reindeer breeding as main constituents. 
Reindeer breeding has probably developed during the past millennium and had become the main occupation and the most fundamental element of Saami culture by the time of colonisation. The Saami form of reindeer breeding is special compared with other northern peoples, with small herds, free grazing on the summer pastures, ear-marking, use of reindeer fences and herding dogs. Traditional Saami reindeer breeding is semi-nomadic, with stationary, seasonal camps both on the summer pastures at tundra lakes and rivers or at the sea shore, and on the winter pastures in the forest tundra. From the traditional housing, the kuvaksa (the lavvo of the Scandinavian Saami) remains in use, a transportable, tepee-like pole construction covered with skins (today tarpaulin), which is used for herding purposes and under reindeer migrations.
Hunting (wild reindeer, fox, polar fox, marten) lost its original significance by the end of the 19th century, when game became sparse, and has now only a subsidiary significance. 
Sea mammal hunting (mainly ringed seal) and coastal fishing at the Barents Sea shore have maintained little economical importance, because there are very few Saami left among the coastal population. Salmon fishing still has importance in the lower parts of large rivers, as has fishing in lakes. 
Gathering (berries, herbs, mushrooms) has gained renewed importance because of the present difficult economical situation. 
In recent years, the production of traditional arts and crafts is being readopted, stimulated through newly established contacts with Scandinavian Saami. 	
Present environmental threats	Narrowing of reindeer pastures due to industrial expansion 
Destruction of reindeer pastures due to industrial pollution  (Nikel,  Murmansk, Monchegorsk, Apatity, Kirovsk) and military exercises / installations
Radioactive pollution of pastures from nuclear recycling plant in Gremikha
Reindeer theft by military personnel and others
Occupation and over-fishing of rivers by commercial tourist enterprises	

Nenets	
 Self-designation(s) (singular, ISO spelling)	Nenec, nenej nenec   (on Yamal Peninsula: Hasova)	
“Official” name(s) (plural form)	Russ.: ненцы    Engl.: Nenets, Nency	
Other names (plural form)	Russ.: юраки, самоеды   Engl.: Yurak-Samoyeds	
Residence area(s)	Arctic coast, Kanin Peninsula to W Taymyr, southward to northern taiga belt	
Population (census 1989 / 01.01.1998 statistics)	Former Soviet Union: 	34,665
Russian Federation: 	34,190	33,045
Yamalo-Nenetskiy Avt. Okrug:	20,917	22,657
Nenets Avt. Okrug: 	6,423	6,489
Taymyrskiy Avt. Okrug:	2,446	2,486
Krasnoyarskiy Kray:	2,662	2,497
Khanty-Mansiyskiy Avt. Okrug:	1,144	  1,161	
Rural population (% in Russ. Fed.)	82.9%	
Ethnic affiliation	Samoyedic Group	
National language	Nenets      phonetically distinct dialects	
Affiliation of national language	Language family: Uralic         Group:Samoyedic  	
Status of national language (1989)	Mother tongue:  77.7%          Speaking fluently:  79.3%	
Cultural centre(s)	see below	
Aut. okrug(s) or ethnic territor. area(s) : Centre(s) : ethnic % of total district popul.	Nenets Avtonomnyy Okrug: 	Naryan-Mar	11.9%
Yamalo-Nenetskiy Avt. Okrug:	Salekhard (Obdorsk)	4.2%
Taymyrskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug:	Dudinka	4.4%	
Traditional culture	Trad. Nomadic, combination subsistence 
Tundra and Forest Nenets, distinct mainly by different reindeer breeding cycles
Today settled and semi-nomadic, a few families nomadic	
Ethno-geography:
The Nenets live mainly in the tundra, forest tundra and Northern taiga belt of the European and Western Siberian part of the Russian Federation. They form the largest indigenous group of the Russian North. 86% of the Nenets live within three autonomous areas (see above). A minor Nenets population of a few hundred people lived in the southern part of Novaya Zemlya from 1877, when Russia annexed the islands and tempted people to settle there. They were removed to Kolguyev Island and the Naryan-Mar area in the 1950s, when Novaya Zemlya became the location of atomic tests.
	The modern centres of the Nenets population are Naryan-Mar (704 individuals  3.5%), Salekhard (728 individuals  2.2%) and Dudinka (191 individuals  0.6%), in the respective autonomous areas. Most of the population lives in small villages and nomad camps in the tundra and taiga, partly mingled with Izhma-Komi, Khants and, at the lower Yenisey, Enets. The Yamal Peninsula has experienced a very high growth of indigenous (mainly Nenets) population, ca. 5 times during the past 300 years. Due to hydrocarbon discoveries since the 1960s, the total population there has increased ten times. The ongoing gas development on Yamal is causing a restructuring of the local Nenets population due to environmental impacts on pasture lands and social impacts through immigration of foreign population. 	
Lifestyle and subsistence of rural population:
The traditional Nenets subsistence was a combination of hunting, trapping, fishing, gathering and reindeer breeding. The latter was intensified during colonisation, partly to the expense of sedentary marine hunting and fishing, and partly to the expense of hunting due to a decrease in game population. Reindeer breeding became the main occupation and the most fundamental element of Nenets culture. 
Reindeer breeding today is a semi-nomadic occupation for many, although a number of families still continue their nomadic way of life. Tundra Nenets and Forest Nenets differ mainly in the economical cycle of reindeer breeding and migration pattern. The semi-nomadic Tundra Nenets undertake distant seasonal migrations of large-scale reindeer herds from the Northern forest areas (winter) to the calving sites half-way in the tundra (May) to the coastal areas (summer). The Tundra Nenets are a large group, their settlements are mostly situated close to the winter pastures. The Forest Nenets (ca. 2,000) have much shorter migration routes of small reindeer herds that lead in circles of only 200-300 km. 
Fishing has become an important commercial business, with a network of local fish factories.
Hunting and gathering still have additional importance, and even gained renewed importance because of the present economical situation. Hunted and trapped animals are wild reindeer, moose, wolf, otter, musk-rat, fox, polar fox, weasel, sable and other fur animals, hare, wolverine, occasionally brown bear.
New trades are fur, vegetable and stock farming in the upper Pechora areas where Nenets live mingled with Komi and Russians.	
Present environmental threats	Narrowing and destruction of reindeer pastures due to oil and gas development (Yamal Peninsula already severely damaged, Timan-Pechora region severe damage expected)
Cutting-off of reindeer migration routes by transport lines (roads, pipelines) in connection with oil and gas development
Heavy-metal and SO2 pollution of pastures and rivers from industry in Norilsk area
Reindeer theft, poaching and other violating activities by oil workers	

Enets	
 Self-designation(s) (singular, ISO spelling)	ėnnėčė  (constructed term, after 1917, from word for “person”)	
“Official” name(s) (plural form)	Russ.: энцы   Engl.: Enets	
Other names (plural form)	Russ.: енисейцы   Engl.: Yenisey-Samoyeds	
Residence area(s)	Ust-Yenisey and Dudinka regions, Taymyrskiy Avt. Okrug	
Population (census 1989 / 01.01.1998 statistics)	Former Soviet Union: 	209
Russian Federation: 	198	116
Taymyrskiy Avt. Okrug:	103	116	
Rural population (% in Russ. Fed.)	59.1%	
Ethnic affiliation	Samoyedic group	
National language	Enets         Tundra dialect: Khantay    Taiga dialect: Karasin
also wide-spread:  Nenets	
Affiliation of national language (1989)	Language family: Uralic         Group:  Samoyedic	
Status of national language (1989)	Mother tongue:  46.5%          Speaking fluently:  53.4%	
Cultural centre(s)	Vorontsovo, Potapovo	
Aut. okrug(s) or ethnic territor. area(s) : Centre(s) : ethnic % of total district popul.	Taymyrskiy Avt. Okrug: Dudinka	0.2%	
Traditional culture	Trad. nomadic, combination subsistence 
Tundra and Forest Enets, distinct mainly by dialect and occupation: Tundra Enets are reindeer hunters, forest Enets are fishers. Today settled	
Ethno-geography:
The Enets live mainly in the tundra and forest tundra of the lower Yenisey valley, mingled with Nenets and, locally, Nganasans and Dolgans. Their residence area is situated within the Taymyrskiy (Dolgano-Nenetskiy) Avtonomyy Okrug, in the village of Vorontsovo (Ust-Yenisey District) and the village Potapovo (Dudinka District). 
	Their total number has been halved during the past century, and they are continuously assimilated into the Nenets and Nganasans, whose cultural characteristics also apply to them. Many of those living in their home area are trilingual (Enets, Nenets, Russian).	
Lifestyle and subsistence of rural population:
The Enets were traditionally a nomadic hunter society, living mainly of wild reindeer. During the collectivisation of the 1930s, the Enets became sedentary. 
Hunting wild reindeer still has a seasonal economic importance and is carried out together with Nenets, Nganasans and Dolgans in hunting collectives; animals are encountered at river crossings with masking shields. 
Reindeer breeding was adopted from adjacent peoples during the past centuries, but mainly for the purpose of producing draught animals. Today, reindeer breeding is the main economic occupation, and Enets work together in collectives with Nenets breeders. 
Other traditional occupations of continuing importance are fur animal trapping and fishing in rivers and estuaries. Important fish species are herring (Clupea harengus), Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri), humpback whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus), white salmon (Stenodus leucichthus nelma), omul (Coregonus autumnalis), and broad whitefish (chir; Coregonus nasus). Fur trapping and farming are commercialised and are not primary forms of subsistence as they traditionally have been.	
Present environmental threats	Progressive urbanisation and industrialisation in Dudinka-Norilsk surroundings
Cutting-off of reindeer migration routes by ship traffic on Yenisey
Heavy-metal and SO2 pollution of pastures and rivers from industry in Norilsk area	

Nganasans	
 Self-designation(s) (singular, ISO spelling)	ngo, nja   (plural: nganasan, later constructed term)	
“Official” name(s) (plural form)	Russ.: нганасаны  Engl.: Nganasans	
Other names (plural form)	Russ.: самоеды-тавгийцы   Engl.: Tavgi-Samoyeds	
Residence area(s)	Taymyrskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug	
Population (census 1989 / 01.01.1998 statistics)	Former Soviet Union: 	1,278
Russian Federation: 	1,262	829
Taymyrskiy Avt. Okrug:	849	829
remaining Krasnoyarskiy Kray:	254	
Rural population (% in Russ. Fed.)	72.5%	
Ethnic affiliation	Samoyedic group	
National language	Nganasan         Western dialect: Avam    Eastern dialect: Vadeyev	
Affiliation of national language	Language family: Uralic         Group: Samoyedic  	
Status of national language (1989)	Mother tongue:  83.4%          Speaking fluently:  85.9%	
Cultural centre(s)	Avam (Western Nganasans): Ust-Avam
Vadeyev (Eastern Nganasans): Novaya 	
Aut. okrug(s) or ethnic territor. area(s) : Centre(s) : ethnic % of total district popul.	Taymyrskiy Avt. Okrug: Dudinka	1.5%	
Traditional culture	Trad. nomadic, combination subsistence, mainly hunters
Today settled and semi-nomadic
Two cultural groups:
	Avam (Western Nganasans): 85-90% of rural population
	Vadeyev (Eastern Nganasans): 10-15% of rural population	
Ethno-geography:
The Nganasans live in the tundra of the Taymyr Peninsula, along the rivers Kheta and Khatanga and north of them, within the Taymyrskiy (Dolgano-Nenetskiy) Avtonomyy Okrug. The latter is administratively associated with the Krasnoyarskiy Kray. 
	The Nganasans are divided into two cultural and linguistic subgroups, the Avam (Western) Nganasans (ca. 650 individuals, 1990) with their cultural and population centre in the village Ust-Avam, and the Vadeyev (Eastern) Nganasans (ca. 100 individuals, 1990) centred in the village Novaya. The remaining Nganasan population is urban. Nganasan and Dolgan populations overlap in the Kheta River valley. Only the southern half of the Taymyr area is extensively populated; the Arctic desert in the northern half is only seasonally used by hunters. 
	The Nganasans are, despite their low number and demographic crisis, a cultural distinct and traditionally oriented group and have preserved their language and shamanistic practices. They were economically completely independent until the end of the 19th century. No writing system has ever been established. 	
Lifestyle and subsistence of rural population:
The Nganasans were traditionally a nomadic hunter society. They adopted a semi-nomadic to sedentary way of life under Soviet influence and collectivisation after 1940. 
Hunting and fishing is now organised in brigades, together with Dolgan and, locally, Enets hunters and fishers. Traditional hunting areas comprise most of the Taymyr Peninsula. Hunted animals are  mainly wild reindeer, but also wolf, wolverine, polar fox and birds (ptarmigan, geese).
Fishing has always been a secondary food source, and was collectivised and commercialised during the Soviet Era. Important species are char (Salvelinus alpinus), Siberian cisco (Coregonus sardinella), peled (Coregonus peled), humpback whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus), omul (Coregonus autumnalis), and broad whitefish (Coregonus nasus). 
Small-scale reindeer breeding started through other indigenous influences in the middle of the 19th century. After collectivisation, reindeer breeding was the main occupation. The winter pastures were in the northern parts of the Khatanga and Kheta River basins and at the Pyasina River, while the summer pastures were situated in the north, on the Byrranga Plateau and north of Lake Taymyr, occasionally as far north as 77N. In the early 1980s, domestic reindeer herds were minimised due to a rapid increase in the competing wild reindeer population, and the trade was given up in favour of a revival of hunting and fishing traditions. 	
Present environmental threats	Competition of domestic and wild reindeer on reindeer pastures through increase of wild reindeer population, overgrazing	

Khanty	
 Self-designation(s) (singular, ISO spelling)	Hanti, handė, kantėk	
“Official” name(s) (plural form)	Russ.: ханты   Engl.: Khants	
Other names (plural form)	Russ.: остяки   Engl.: Ostyaks
Ob Ugrians (together with Mansi)	
Residence area(s)	Khanty-Mansiyskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug
Yamalo-Nenetskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug
Tomskaya Oblast	
Population (census 1989 / 01.01.1998 statistics)	Former Soviet Union: 	22,521
Russian Federation: 	22,283	17,289
Khanty-Mansiyskiy Avt. Okrug:	11,892	9,327
Yamalo-Nenetskiy Avt. Okrug:	7,247	7,176
Tomskaya Oblast:                                        	804	696	
Rural population (% in Russ. Fed.)	70.2%	
Ethnic affiliation	Ugric group	
National language	Khant     several dialects with difficult mutual understanding	
Affiliation of national language	Language family: Uralic         Group: Finno-Ugric 	
Status of national language (1989)	Mother tongue:  60.8%          Speaking fluently:  62.9%	
Cultural centre(s)		
Aut. okrug(s) or ethnic territor. area(s) : Centre(s) : ethnic % of total district popul.	Khanty-Mansiyskiy Avt. Okrug: Khanty-Mansiysk	0.9%	
Traditional culture	Trad. Nomadic/semi-nomadic, combination subsistence, mainly reindeer breeders, fishers and hunters. Today settled, traditional subsistence severely endangered	
Ethno-geography:
The Khants live in the river basins of Ob (middle and lower) and Irtysh and their tributaries. Their residence area is mainly situated in the taiga of the Khanty-Mansiyskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug (53%), and the south-western part (taiga and forest tundra) of the Yamalo-Nenetskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug (32%). Both are administratively associated with the Tyumenskaya Oblast. 
	The numerous tribal subgroups of the Khants are named according to the tributaries of the Ob and Irtysh rivers they live at. Population numbers increased rapidly during the 17th to 19th century, but have been increasing very slowly during the last century due to assimilation into Tatars and Russians, especially of the southern groups and urban part of the population. 3% (805 individuals; 1989) of the Khants live in the administrative centre, Khanty-Mansiysk, and 2.5% (555 indiv.) in Salekhard (administrative centre of Yamalo-Nenetskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug), where they form 2.3% and 1.7%, respectively, of the total urban population.
	The economic and social crisis as a result of land devastation by ruthless oil development since the 1960s also retarded the demographic growth of the Khants. They were forced to leave subsistence areas (forests, rivers and bogs) due to infrastructure development, devastation and pollution. Villages were closed or abandoned, and migration to urban areas took place. Although the Khants are the third largest group among the indigenous peoples of the North, their culture is severely threatened. 	
Lifestyle and subsistence of rural population:
The Khants are traditionally nomadic (forest tundra) to semi-nomadic (taiga) reindeer breeders and sedentary fishers, with game and fur animal hunting as an important additional economic branch. 
In the forest tundra, reindeer breeders move with small  herds, staying in stationary, seasonal camps. All have a main residence today. In the taiga areas, herdsman have traditionally been more sedentary, only using seasonal camps during the summer migrations and hunting trips.
Fishing in rivers has gained commercial significance. Caught species are Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri), white sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus), white salmon (Stenodus leucichthus nelma), Siberian cisco (Coregonus sardinella), humpback whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus), broad whitefish (chir; Coregonus nasus), muksun (Coregonus muksun), and chastikovaya.
For hunting, fur animals (sable, squirrel, marten, weasel, fox, polar fox) have been most important since colonisation. Moose, and occasionally brown bear, are also hunted. 
Gathering (nuts, berries, mushrooms) is an important subsidiary subsistence branch.
Cattle breeding and agriculture have significance only in the southern areas.	
Present environmental threats	Narrowing and destruction of reindeer pastures and hunting grounds due to oil and gas development (Surgut-Samotlor area and many other river basins are widely destroyed)
Cutting-off of reindeer migration routes by transport lines (roads, pipelines) in connection with oil and gas development
Pollution of rivers and bogs from oil-related activities
Reindeer theft, poaching and other violating activities by oil workers	

Dolgans	
 Self-designation(s) (singular, ISO spelling)	dulgaan   (constructed term from 1960), tyaa kihi, sakha	
“Official” name(s) (plural form)	Russ.: долганы   Engl.: Dolgans	
Other names (plural form)	Khaka (old self-designation of one big group of Dolgans)	
Residence area(s)	Taymyrskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug, NW Yakutiya	
Population (census 1989 / 01.01.1998 statistics)	Former Soviet Union: 	6,945
Russian Federation: 	6,584	5,754
Taymyrskiy Avt. Okrug:	4,939	4,848
Sakha Republic (Yakutiya):	731	894
Remaining Krasnoyarskiy Kray:	444	
Rural population (% in Russ. Fed.)	80.5%	
Ethnic affiliation	Turkic group	
National language	Dolgan     dialect of Yakut language	
Affiliation of national language	Language family: Altaic         Group: Turkic	
Status of national language (1989)	Mother tongue:  84.0%          Speaking fluently:  85.4%	
Cultural centre(s)	Khatanga, Dudinka	
Aut. okrug(s) or ethnic territor. area(s) : Centre(s) : ethnic % of total district popul.	Taymyrskiy Avt. Okrug: Dudinka	8.9%	
Traditional culture	Trad. Nomadic, combination subsistence, mainly hunters
Today settled and semi-nomadic. 
Dolgan subgroups: western, eastern and Popigay-Anagar	
Ethno-geography:
The Dolgans live in the tundra of the Taymyr Peninsula, along the rivers Kheta and Khatanga and south of them, within the Taymyrskiy (Dolgano-Nenetskiy) Avtonomyy Okrug. The latter is administratively associated with the Krasnoyarskiy Kray. The Dolgan hunting areas stretch into the Putorana and Anabarskoye plateaus to the south of the rivers. 5.5 % of the Dolgan population (385 individuals, 1989) live in Dudinka, the okrug capital. 
	Although their ethnogenesis was not completed prior to the beginning of the century, the Dolgans are a culturally distinct group with a comparatively large intelligentsia, and a high migration to sociologically important occupations like medical doctors and teachers. Their national language is well preserved. 	
Lifestyle and subsistence of rural population:
The Dolgans were traditionally a nomadic hunter and reindeer breeder society. They adopted a sedentary way of life under Russian and Soviet influence and collectivisation. 
	Their small-scale reindeer breeding culture is a result of amalgamation of elements from the adjacent indigenous cultures. Herding dogs are used, which is not common among Turkic reindeer breeders. The winter pastures are in the tundra areas, while the summer pastures are situated in the forest tundra of the main river basins. Migration routes are considerably shorter than those of the Samoyedic neighbour societies, and have not been changed after the introduction of collective reindeer farms. In the main Dolgan reindeer breeding region, the Khatanga district, each collective farm had several thousand animals. In central and eastern Taymyr, most Dolgan state farms have lost their domestic reindeer due to the recent increase of the wild reindeer population.
	Dolgans hunt mainly wild reindeer (autumn, winter), but also birds like ptarmigans, geese and  ducks (spring) and trap fur animals (polar fox, fox, weasel). Annual wild reindeer hunts are undertaken by hunter brigades together with Nganasan and, locally, Enets hunters, as well professional hunters from outside the region. The game is traditionally encountered at river crossings with decoy reindeer and masking shields on runners. 
	Fishing is of economic importance, and locally carried out in a commercial way. Important species are the sturgeon species Acipenser ruthenus, white salmon (Stenodus leucichthus nelma) and shchokur. 	
Present environmental threats	Heavy-metal and SO2 pollution of pastures and rivers from industry in Norilsk area
Competition of domestic and wild reindeer on reindeer pastures through increase of wild reindeer population		

Evenks	
 Self-designation(s) (singular, ISO spelling)	ėvenki  (subgroups: ile, mata, orochen, oro [olen], kilen)	
“Official” name(s) (plural form)	Russ.: эвенки  Engl.: Evenks  Chin.: Kilin, Cilin  Mong.: Hamnegan	
Other names (plural form)	Russ.: тунгусы   Engl.: Tungus
(The name орочоны [Engl. Orochons] is used for a southern subgroup)	
Residence area(s)	Wide-spread from Lower Yenisey valley through Evenkiyskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug, Irkutskaya and Amurskaya Obl. to  Khabarovskiy Kray, Buryatiya, NW and S Yakutiya; also in China (N Manchuria) and a small group in Mongolia (Iro River and Lake Buir-Nur)	
Population (for USSR/Russia: census 
1989 / 01.01.1998 statistics)	Total population:	ca. 50,000	(including China, Mongolia)
Former Soviet Union: 	30,163
Russian Federation: 	29,901	25,548
Sakha Republic (Yakutiya):	14,428	12,968
Khabarovskiy Kray:	3,691	3,814
Evenkiyskiy Avt. Okrug:	3,480	3,064
Buryat Republic:	1,679	 1,456
Amurskaya Oblast:	1,617	1,360
Chitinskaya Oblast:	1,271	1,043	
Rural population (% in Russ. Fed.)	79.6%	
Ethnic affiliation	Tungus-Manchurian group	
National language	Evenk     main dialects: Northern (Khakayushchi) and southern (Sekayushchi)	
Affiliation of national language	Language family: Altaic         Group: Tungus-Manchurian 	
Status of national language (1989)	Mother tongue:  30.3%          Speaking fluently:  32.8%	
Aut. okrug(s) : Centre(s) : ethnic %	Evenkiyskiy Avt. Okrug: Tura	14.0%	
Traditional culture	Trad. Nomadic, combination subsistance; mainly reindeer hunters in N, horse and cattle pastoralists in S; Today settled / semi-nomadic	
Ethno-geography:
The Evenks are the largest group of Tungus speaking peoples, and the second largest indigenous group in the Russian North. They are settled wide-spread, in many places together with Yakuts. Half of the Russian Evenks live in western and southern Yakutiya, while only 12 % live in their own administrative area, the Evenkiyskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug, where they account for 14% of the total population. The latter is administratively associated with the Krasnoyarskiy Kray. Various groups of reindeer hunting Evenks call themselves ile (Lena, Tunguska and Vitim River basins), mata (Olekma River), orochen, oro, or olen (Trans-Baykal) or kilen (Sea of Okhotsk). The remaining Evenks live in various districts of southern Siberia and, across the border, in northern China, and a small area (Lake Buir-Nur) in Mongolia. Wide-spread settling in ethnically mixed areas explains the low preservation of their national language. The rapid decrease of Evenk population numbers in Russia from 58,000 to 24,000 during the ca. 60 years 1897-1959 is both due to rapid assimilation into Russian, Buryat and other population of the southern pastoralists, and to the post-war distinction of the Evens that previously were grouped with the Evenks as “Tungus”.	
Lifestyle and subsistence of rural population:
Small-scale reindeer breeder culture: Traditionally Evenks used reindeer for transportation. The number of reindeer ranged from a few animals per family up to two or three dozens. Reindeer breeding is presently the basic occupation of Evenks in the taiga and tundra areas of northern and central Siberia, and far south towards the Baykal and Amur districts. Summer pastures are in the watershed areas, winter pastures in the river basins. Reindeer breeders traditionally hunted wild reindeer as a secondary occupation, mostly in small groups, seasonally, at river crossings. Nomadism is crucial for the Evenk breeding culture. Since Soviet collectivisation started, nomads were forced to settle and experienced a subsequent dissolution of their social pattern and cultural identity. Modern trends to revive nomadism as well as the associated subsistence pattern and social structure are pursued. Reindeer are used for travel (riding animals) and transportation and herded without dogs. Modern transportation has only partly substituted the reindeer.
Hunter culture: Most Evenks hunt with reindeer as transport animals. The Evenk hunting areas stretch across most of the Evenk territory. Hunted animals in northern areas are mainly wild reindeer, but also moose, deer, musk-ox, lynx, wolverine, wolf, brown bear and birds. Mountain sheep and wild goats are hunted in southern areas. Fur animal trapping (sable, fox, polar fox, squirrel, weasel) gained importance due to the yasak system during colonisation. Reindeer are hunted at river crossings during their autumn migrations. An unsual  Evenk hunting method is the use of tamed and specially trained decoy reindeer with lines bound to their antlers. These start fights with wild animals that get caught in the lines. Moose and musk-ox are attracted by imitating their sound with special whistles (many other peoples use this method).
Horse breeder culture: Horse breeding is confined to southern parts of Siberia and the Russian Far East. 
Gathering and fishing are secondary occupations of both cultural groups. White salmon and other freshwater fish are caught in rivers and lakes. Fishing has gained commercial importance.	
Present environmental threats	Heavy-metal and SO2 pollution of pastures and rivers from industry in Norilsk area
Impacts on reindeer pastures and rivers in N Yakutiya due to coastal and river shipping and related development of infrastructure, as well as river pollution
Loss of various traditional subsistence due to deforestation in Evenk. Avt. Okrug	

Evens	
 Self-designation(s) (singular, ISO spelling)	ėven	
“Official” name(s) (plural form)	Russ.: эвены   Engl.: Evens	
Other names (plural form)	Russ.: ламуты   Engl.: Lamuts	
Residence area(s)	Wide-spread in N Khabarovskiy Kray, Magadanskaya Obl., Kamchatka, Koryakskiy and W Chukotskiy Avt. Okrug, N and E Yakutiya	
Population (census 1989 / 01.01.1998 statistics)	Former Soviet Union: 	17,199
Russian Federation: 	17,055	12,017
Sakha Republic (Yakutiya):	8,668	6,448
Chukotskiy Avt. Okrug:	1,336	1,155
Kamchatsk. Oblast incl. Kory. Avt. Okr.:	1,485	1,613
Magadanskaya Oblast:	2,433	1,326
Khabarovskiy Kray:	1,919	1,463	
Rural population (% in Russ. Fed.)	75%	
Ethnic affiliation	Tungus-Machurian group	
National language	Even     western, central and eastern dialect groups
Writing based on Olsk dialect
Also wide-spread: Yakut	
Affiliation of national language	Language family:  Altaic        Group: Tungus-Machurian   	
Status of national language (1989)	Mother tongue:  43.8%          Speaking fluently:  46.0%	
Cultural centre(s)		
Aut. okrug(s) or ethnic territor. area(s) : Centre(s) : ethnic % of total district popul.	only one national-territorial unit with autonomous status: 
Even-Bytantay (North-Central Yakutiya)		
Traditional culture	 Traditionally semi-nomadic, combination subsistance, mainly reindeer-hunters, small-scale reindeer breeding; hunting. A small group, which mingled with the Koryaks, has maintained sea mammal hunting. Today settled and semi-nomadic.	
Ethno-geography:
The Evens are the second largest group of Tungus speaking peoples in the Russian North. Their wide-spread residence areas, in many places mingled with other native peoples (Yakuts, Chukchi, Koryaks, Yukagirs), were a hindrance for the establishment of a national, later autonomous, okrug. Wide-spread settling in ethnically mixed areas also explains the low preservation of their national language.
	About half of the Even population live in north-eastern Yakutiya as a scattered minority. The remaining Evens live in the western Chukotskiy and Koryakskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug, and also in the Magadanskaya Oblast and northern part of the Khabarovskiy Kray; a small colony exists in central Kamchatka. 	
Lifestyle and subsistence of rural population:
The Even subsistence culture is  traditionally a semi-nomadic reindeer breeder culture with small herds (a few dozens of animals) and hunting. 
Small-scale reindeer breeding is the basic occupation of Evens in the interior land areas and in northern Siberia. Reindeer were used for transportation. During the long journeys reindeer were ridden during hunting fur animals and on summer trips to the rivers for fishing. Nomadism was crucial for the Even breeding culture. Since Soviet collectivisation started in the 1930s, nomads were forced to settle and experienced a subsequent dissolution of their social pattern and cultural identity. Modern trends to revive nomadism as well as the associated subsistence pattern and social structure are pursued. Even reindeers are known to be large, strong and persevering. They are traditionally used for both riding and transportation of cargo. Modern transportation has only partly substituted the reindeer. Dog sledges are used in the eastern areas, where Evens have close contact with Koryak and Chukchi breeders. For housing on hunting or herding trips, traditional chums, leaf and wooden huts and modern tents are used.
Hunting is an important  occupation. Hunted animals are mainly wild reindeer and mountain sheep, but also fur animals, particularly squirrels. Even hunting dogs have famous qualities.
River fishing is an important traditional subsistence, and has modern industrial application. Valuable fish are white salmon (Stenodus leucichthus nelma), sturgeon (Acipenser baeri), omul (Coregonus autumnalis), muksun (Coregonus muksun) and Siberian cisco (Coregonus sardinella).
Cattle breeding and agriculture have been introduced in southern areas.
Fishing in river mouths (humpback salmon and dog salmon) and seal hunting is common among the Evens at the Sea of Okhotsk. The coastal Evens are  sedentary, living in log cabins (uran). Traditional earth huts (utan) were used in the past.  Dog sledges were common for inland transportation. 	
Present environmental threats	Impacts on reindeer pastures and rivers in N Yakutiya due to coastal and river shipping and related development of infrastructure
Pollution of Shamanikha and Omolon rivers from gold mining
Radioactive pollution due to atomic tests	

Yukagirs	
 Self-designation(s) (singular, ISO spelling)	odul, vadul	
“Official” name(s) (plural form)	Russ.: юкагиры   Engl.: Yukagirs, Yukaghirs	
Other names (plural form)	Russ.: омоки  Engl.: Omoks	
Residence area(s)	Middle and Lower Kolyma River basin, and between mouths of Kolyma and Indigirka rivers, mostly within Yakutiya, Magadanskaya Oblast and Chukotskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug	
Population (census 1989 / 01.01.1998 statistics)	Former Soviet Union: 	1,142
Russian Federation: 	1,112	672
Sakha Republic (Yakutiya):	697	544
Chukotskiy Avt. Okrug:	160	113
Magadanskaya Oblast:	 15	15	
Rural population (% in Russ. Fed.)	62.8%	
Ethnic affiliation	Uralic group	
National language	Yukagir  subdivided into tundra (Nizhnekolymsk) a. taiga (Verkhnekolymsk) dialects
also wide-spread: Yakut, Chukchi, Even	
Affiliation of national language	Language Family: Uralic (by some linguists considered isolated)  Group: Yukagir 	
Status of national language (1989)	Mother tongue:  32.0%          Speaking fluently:  35.7%	
Cultural centre(s)	Tundra: Nizhnekolymsk 
Taiga: Verkhnekolymsk	
Aut. okrug(s) or ethnic territor. area(s) : Centre(s) : ethnic % of total district popul.		
Traditional culture	Trad. nomadic and semi-nomadic hunters; today settled
Tundra culture: Vaduls; Taiga culture: Oduls	
Ethno-geography:
During the 17th century, the Yukagirs still formed the native population of large parts of north-eastern Siberia, in an 800 km wide strip  from the Lena delta to Anadyr. They were not only replaced by Russian immigrants, but primarily by Yakuts, and also Evens and other indigenous peoples, that migrated northward as a result of social changes during Russian colonialism. They suffered a severe loss of population, both due to epidemics and warfare during colonisation (1640: 4500-5000; 1897: 948 people).
	Today, Yukagir settlements are confined to two minor areas, Nizhnekolymsk at the Kolyma mouth and westward towards the Indigirka mouth (Vaduls, or tundra Yukagirs), and Verkhnekolymsk (Republic of Yakutiya) and Srednekansk (Magadanskaya Oblast), along the upper Kolyma River (Oduls, or taiga Yukagirs). In both areas, they live together with Evens, Chukchi and Yakuts, mainly as a result of the Soviet nationality policy. Their history of repeated assimilation, their small number and their being mingled with other ethnic groups, explains the endangered state of their native language.	
Lifestyle and subsistence of rural population:
The Yukagirs have traditionally been nomadic and semi-nomadic hunters. Hunted animals were mainly wild reindeer, moose, deer, mountain sheep (in the taiga only), fur animals (sable, polar fox) and water fowls. Fishing in rivers and estuaries was a secondary occupation. 
Small-scale reindeer breeding among the tundra Yukagirs was mainly for reasons of  transportation, although they also use(d) dogs, both as draught animals and for hunting. 
	The development of subsistence patterns since collectivisation was different for the two subgroups (see below). Yukagirs are today settled, but some lead a semi-nomadic life during reindeer herding and hunting seasons. They are recently revitalising their traditional clan-based economical structure. Traditional housing in the urasu, a conical, tepee-shaped yurt type, is restricted to herding, hunting and fishing purposes.
1. The Verkhnekolymsk (taiga) Yukagirs since collectivisation
	The collective farms first continued hunting and fishing, but started additional reindeer breeding, together with traditional Even and Yakut breeders. Reindeer breeding became the main subsistence of part of the population, although hunting (now mainly fur animals) and fishing has continuous importance. The other part of the population joined Yakut-dominated collective farms that lived of cattle and horse breeding and vegetable gardening.
2. The Nizhnekolymsk (tundra) Yukagirs since collectivisation
	The traditional wild reindeer hunt became increasingly ineffective, when the wild reindeer population started to suffer from the unsustainable competition by domestic animals since reindeer breeding had been effectuated in collective farms. Hunting has since become less important and is confined to fur animals and occasionally moose. Reindeer breeding has become the main occupation for most of the population, while the Even-speaking Yukagirs at the Indigirka River became fishers.	
Present environmental threats
	Impacts on reindeer pastures and rivers in N Yakutiya due to coastal and river shipping and related development of infrastructure
Pollution of Shamanikha river from gold mining
Radioactive pollution from atomic tests	

Chuvans	
 Self-designation(s) (singular, ISO spelling)	èuvan, ėtèl, ėtal	
“Official” name(s) (plural form)	Russ.: чуванцы  Engl.: Chuvans	
Other names (plural form)		
Residence area(s)	Upper Anadyr River and lower Penzhina River valley 	
Population (census 1989 / 01.01.1998 statistics)	Former Soviet Union: 	1,511
Russian Federation: 	1,384	487
Chukotskiy Avt. Okrug:	944	481
Magadanskaya Oblast	41	4
Kamchatkskaya Oblast: 	17 		
Rural population (% in Russ. Fed.)	46.8%	
Ethnic affiliation	Mixed groups of Yukagir, Chukchi and Russian origin	
National language	Yukagir dialect (extinct); today Chukchi and Russian	
Affiliation of national language	Language Family: see Yukagirs, Chukchi	
Status of national language (1989)	here: Chukchi   Mother tongue:  18.5%   Speaking fluently:  22.3%	
Cultural centre(s)	Chuvanskoye	
Aut. okrug(s) or ethnic territor. area(s) : Centre(s) : ethnic % of total district popul.		
Traditional culture	Trad. nomadic hunters and reindeer breeders
Today settled and semi-nomadic	
Ethno-geography:
The Chuvans are ethnically derived from Yukagir clans, which in the 17th century resided in western Chukotka, along the Anyuy, Palyavaam and Chaun.rivers.  After joining the Russians in skirmishes with resisting Chukchi in the middle of the 18th century, they suffered severe losses and retreated to Russian villages or became assimilated into Chukchi and Koryaks. Their descendants live now in Chuvanskiy Khrebet at the upper Anadyr River (Markovskoye Chuvancy; W Anadyrskiy Rayon, Chukotskiyy Avt. Okrug). They now speak the Chukchi language or Russian.	
Lifestyle and subsistence of rural population:
The Chuvans are traditional reindeer breeders, hunters (mainly wild reindeer, but also mountain sheep, wolf, brown bear) and trappers (squirrel, hare, fox, red fox, polar fox), fishers (mainly salmon) and dog breeders. Prior to colonisation, they also worked as traders and dog-drivers for the Chukchi bartering trade with the population at the Sea of Okhotsk.
	Part of the Chuvans are still pursuing a semi-nomadic reindeer-breeding occupation, partly in common collective farms with Evens and Chukchi. The sedentary Chuvans deal with fur animal trapping and fish manufacturing. In the Anadyr area, stock breeding (since the 1930s) and green-house vegetable gardening (since the 1950s) have been introduced. Dog breeding has vanished as an economic occupation.	
Present environmental threats	Impacts on reindeer pastures and rivers due to gold mining.

Chukchi (Lauravetlans)	
 Self-designation(s) (singul., ISO spell.)	lyg''oravetl''an, chauchu (reindeer-breeders) 	
“Official” name(s) (plural form)	Russ.: чукчи   Engl.: Chukchi  (Chukchee)	
Other names (plural form)	Лаураветланы, луораветланы
Luoravetlans (derived from self-designation)	
Residence area(s)	Chukotskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug and adjacent areas	
Population (census 1989 / 01.01.1998 statistics)	Former Soviet Union: 	15,184	
Russian Federation: 	15,107	12,995
Chukotskiy Avt. Okrug:	11,914	11,056
Kamchatskaya Oblast:	1,530	1,477
Magadanskaya Oblast:	649	28
Republic Sakha (Yakutiya):	473	401	
Rural population (% in Russ. Fed.)	86.0%	
National language	Chukchi	
Affiliation of national language	Language family: Palaeo-Asiatic     Group: Chukotko-Kamchatkan	
Status of national language (1989)	Mother tongue:  70.4%   	       Speaking fluently:  73.9%	
Cultural centre(s)	Anadyr	
Aut. okrug(s):Centre(s) : ethnic % (1989)	Chukotskiy Avt. Okrug: Anadyr	7.3%	
Traditional culture	Traditional twofold culture with trade links: Nomadic  reindeer-breeding (70%); coastal (sedentary) sea mammal hunting (30%)	
Ethno-geography:
The Chukchi form, together with the Yupik, the native population of the Chukotskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug. During colonisation, the Chukchi managed through warfare to avoid forced payment of yasak to the Russian colonisers, which collaborated with the Koryaks, Yukagirs and Evens. After a period of stagnation, the Chukchi number slowly increased (1970: 13,500; 1979: 13,937; 1989: 15,107). According to statistics of 1998 the Chukchi number had dropped to 12,995. In 1989 the Chukchi constituted 7.3% of the okrug population (9.5% were indigenous). Now the indigenous population (>14,400 Chukchi, Yupik, Kereks, Koryaks, Chuvans, Evens) amounts to more than 16% of a total of less than 90,000. Chukchi live mostly in indigenous-dominated villages, while non-natives mostly live in urban areas. In the admin. centre, Anadyr, the Chukchi portion was only 2.3% (408 individuals, 1989).	
Lifestyle and subsistence of rural population:
The Chukchi have a traditional twofold cultural subdivision into sedentary, coastal sea mammal hunters (30%), using baydars (walrus skin boats) and dog sledges, and nomadic, inland reindeer breeders (70%), using reindeer sledges. They were linked by trade, which was particularly an exchange of sea mammal and reindeer products. The coastal villages were formed by up to 20 yarangas (family accommodations), while reindeer breeder camps only had 2-10. Modern coastal villages have hundreds of inhabitants (e.g. Uelen ca. 1000).
Intensive reindeer breeding is the economically most important occupation. The herds, like those of the Koryaks often exceeding 1,000 animals, graze in the open tundra in the summer, and migrate between protected areas in the winter. The domestic reindeer population of Chukotka has been decreasing since the end of the1980s from 500,000 to 112,000. Nevertheless, reindeer breeding is becoming increasingly important due to the stagnation in food delivery from outside the okrug.
Sea mammal hunting is the main traditional occupation of Chukchi and Yupic at the Bering Strait. They have practiced collective hunting of whale and walrus with harpoons. Sea mammals provide food, oil, skins, ivory and other products. During the Soviet period most of the meat went to feed foxes in fur farms, but in recently, in privatised hunting brigades, more and more food is used for human consumption. Environmental law that forbids the hunting of walrus on the beaches, results in large losses of killed animals that sink. Since the purchase of grey whales from Russian whaling boats has become too expensive in the last years, the local population has started to re-adopt traditional whaling methods. 
Fishing, mainly of salmon, is traditionally developed in the Anadyr, Kolyma and Chaun River mouths, with a varying, but generally declining quota. Hunting on land (wild reindeer, moose, wolverine, brown bear, lynx, mountain sheep, polar fox, birds) is carried out by both reindeer breeders and sea mammal hunters. It is an important factor in the reconstruction of self-sufficiency with regard to supplies of food and winter clothing. Gathering of berries, herbs, roots and mushrooms, like in most of the North, has regained an increasing importance due to the present economic disaster. 
Fur farms were introduced to broaden the native economy and to create local employment, especially for women. Fur farms had consumed major portions of the sea mammal harvest in the coastal villages, which made them inappropriate in the present situation where supply of other foodstuff for the population is lacking. Now fur farms are closed. Livestock raising (cattle, poultry) and vegetable gardening were introduced, mainly during the 1970s and 1980s, but has now mostly disappeared. Only in a few villages of southern Chukotka, vegetable gardening is an important factor for the local population.	
Present environmental threats	Possible decrease of sea mammal population due to shipping and/or possible oil and gas development
Impacts on reindeer pastures and rivers due to mining (gold etc.) and other development of infrastructure; radioactive pollution of pastures
Environmental protection laws endanger sustainable harvest
Commercial marine fishing takes fish stocks from coastal fishers; poaching
Nuclear waste disposal from Bilibino power station threatens environment	

Siberian Yupik	
 Self-designation(s) (singular, ISO spelling)	jupik, juit	
“Official” name(s) (plural form)	Russ.: эскимосы   Engl.: Siberian Yupik(s)	
Other names (plural form)	Yupigyt, Yugyt, Yuit(s), Siberian Eskimo, Asiatic (Siberian) Inuit	
Residence area(s)	Chukotkan coast of Bering Strait, Vrangel Island, SW Alaska and Alaskan coast/islands of Bering Strait
Yupik live also in E Alaska, Inuit across the North American Arctic to Greenland	
Population (for USSR/Russia: census 1989 / 01.01.1998 statistics)	Total Inuit population: 	ca. 125,000	(incl. N. America/Greenland)
Total Yupik population: 	ca. 23,000	
Former Soviet Union: 	1,719
Russian Federation: 	1,704	1,514
Chukotskiy Avt. Okrug:	1,452	1,509	
Rural population (% in Russ. Fed.)	77.2%	
Ethnic affiliation	Eskimo-Aleutian group	
National language	Siberian Yupik-tut  
3 dialects: N: Navukagmit; S: Ungazigmit; in Sireniki: Sirenigmit	
Affiliation of national language	Language family: Eskimo-Aleutian    Group: Eskimo	
Status of national language (1989)	Mother tongue:  51.6%                    Speaking fluently:  54.8%	
Cultural centre(s)	Anadyr	
Aut. okrug(s) or ethnic territor. area(s) : Centre(s) : ethnic % of total district popul.	Chukotskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug: Anadyr	
Traditional culture	Traditional sedentary marine hunter culture	
Ethno-geography:
The Yupik are the native population of the Bering Strait coasts and western Alaska, and lived previously also farther inland on eastern Chukotka. Only ca. 7% live on the territory of the Russian Federation, the others in Alaska. They belong to the major ethnic group of the Inuit or Eskimo. The name “Inuit” has been formally adopted by the ICC (Inuit Circumpolar Conference) as the embracing name for the entire “Eskimo” population. 
	Siberian Yupik reside together with Chukchi today in a few villages along the coast of the Bering Strait: Uelen, Lavrentiya, Lorino, Novo-Chaplino, Provideniya, Sireniki, Uelkal. 62 Yupik (1989) lived in the okrug capital Anadyr.	
Lifestyle and subsistence of rural population:
The traditional subsistence pattern of the Siberian Yupik is very close to that of the coastal Chukchi. They are marine hunters, with  game and bird hunting, as well as gathering and fishing as secondary occupations. Yupik villages had traditionally 15-40 yarangas, which substituted former earth huts since the middle of the 19th century. For transportation, they use baydars (walrus skin boats) and dog sledges, as well as modern, open boats. 
Sea mammal hunting (seals, walrus, whales) is the main traditional occupation of the Yupik and the Chukchi  at the Bering Strait. Techniques used by them were the most advanced in the world (toggling harpoons, open-water hunting). During the Soviet period most of the mammal’s meat went  to feed foxes in fur farms, but in recently privatised hunting brigades, more and more food is used for human consumption. Environmental law that forbids the hunting of walrus on the beaches, results in large losses of killed animals that sink. In recent years, the Russian government issued the permission to kill Greenland whales. Ivory tusks are used in a variety of functional and decorative industries and are important trade items.
Fishing and hunting on land (wild reindeer, moose, wolverine, brown bear, lynx, mountain sheep, polar fox, birds) constitutes an important factor in the reconstruction of self-sufficiency. Gathering of berries, herbs, roots and mushrooms, like in most of the North, has regained an increasing importance due to the present economic disaster. 
Fur farms were introduced to broaden the native economy and to create local employment, especially for women. Foxes had consumed major portions of the sea mammal harvest in the coastal villages, which was inappropriate in the present situation where supply of other foodstuff for the population is lacking. Fur fams are left in two vilages.	
Present environmental threats	Possible decrease of sea mammal population due to shipping and/or oil and gas development
Environmental protection laws endanger sustainable harvest
Commercial marine fishing takes fish stocks from coastal fishers	

Aleuts	
 Self-designation(s) (singular, ISO spelling)	Unangan, anangin	
“Official” name(s) (plural form)	Russ.: алеуты   Engl.: Aleut(s)	
Other names (plural form)	Aleutians	
Residence area(s)	Komandorskiye Ostrova (Russian part of Aleutian Islands) in Kamchatskaya Oblast;
also in Alaska: Aleutian Islands and Alaskan Peninsula	
Population (for USSR/Russia: census 1989 / 01.01.1998 statistics)	Total population: 	ca. 2,700	(incl. Alaska)
	There were 16,000 Aleuts during the first encounter with the Russians in the 17th century!
Former Soviet Union: 	702
Russian Federation: 	644	278
Kamchatskaya Oblast:	390	277
Aleutskiy Natsionalnyy Rayon (1996):	346		
Rural population (% in Russ. Fed.)	63.7%	
Ethnic affiliation	Eskimo-Aleutian group	
National language	Aleut      Attuan dialect	
Affiliation of national language	Language Family: Eskimo-Aleutian    Group: Aleutian	
Status of national language (1989)	Mother tongue:  25.3%   	         Speaking fluently:  29.5%	
Cultural centre(s)	Nikolskoye	
Aut. okrug(s) or ethnic territor. area(s) : Centre(s) : ethnic % of total district popul.	Aleutskiy Natsionalnyy Rayon	46.0%	
Traditional culture	Traditional sedentary marine hunter and fisher culture	
Ethno-geography:
The Aleuts are the native population of the Aleutian Islands who number ca. 3,000 individuals and mainly belong to Alaska. Approximately one fourth live on the territory of the Russian Federation, of which one half resides on the Komandorskiye Ostrova (Commander Islands) which constitute the Aleutskiy Natsionalnyy Rayon, situated within the Kamchatskaya Oblast. Aleuts form 46% (346 individuals) of the rayon population. 
	Aleuts suffered enormously under the cruel exploitation, enslavement and massacres by Russian fur traders after 1741, when their population decreased from ca. 16,000 or more to less than 2,000 prior to the American purchase of Alaska in 1867. The Commander Islands, likewise the Pribiloff Islands (Alaska), were uninhabited until the beginning of the 19th century, when the Russian-American Company, at that time being in charge of the trade development on the Aleutian Islands, enforced transmigration of Aleuts from other islands. Both in Alaska and in the Russian Federation, only a quarter of the Aleuts have maintained their national language.	
Lifestyle and subsistence of rural population:
The traditional subsistence of the Aleuts is a sedentary combination of marine hunting (various seal species and sea otter), fishing, birding and gathering. The whaling techniques of Aleut like Itelmen were based on the use of poisoned darts or arrows and thus differed essentially from the harpoon whaling of Yupic and Chukchi. Traditional Aleutian settlements consisted of 2-4 half-earthen houses, accommodating 10-40 families. They used large baydars (seal skin boats) for transportation. 
	The traditional subsistence, although still preserved, has been partly substituted by fur farming, stock farming and vegetable gardening. 
	Due to the present  social and economic crisis, more than half of the population of the islands is now unemployed. There are efforts to reorganise traditional occupations, including coastal fishing, crab fishing, marine and terrestrial plant gathering, both for economic and self-sufficiency purposes.	
Present environmental threats	Environmental protection laws are a hindrance for reorganisation of traditional occupations	

Koryaks	
 Self-designation(s) (singul., ISO spell.)	 čauču (reindeer breeders); nymylgyn (coastal inhabitants)	
“Official” name(s) (plural form)	Russ.: коряки   Engl.: Koryaks	
Other names (plural form)	Nymyllan, Chavchuveny (Russian, derived from self-designation)	
Residence area(s)	Koryakskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug and adjacent areas	
Population (census 1989 / 01.01.1998 statistics)	Former Soviet Union: 	9,242
Russian Federation: 	8,942	6,524
Koryakskiy Avt. Okrug:	6,572	5,566
remaining Kamchatskaya Oblast:	618	157
Magadanskaya Oblast: 	1,013	761	
Rural population (% in Russ. Fed.)	71.3%	
Ethnic affiliation	Palaeo-Asiatic group	
National language	Koryak    
9 dialects, of which 2 (Alyutor, Kerek) are considered as independ. lang.	
Affiliation of national language	Language family: Palaeo-Asiatic     Group: Chukotko-Kamchatkan	
Status of national language (1989)	Mother tongue:  52.4%   	       Speaking fluently:  57.8%	
Cultural centre(s)	Palana	
Aut. okrug(s) : Centre(s) : ethnic % 	Koryakskiy Avt. Okrug: Palana	16.5%	
Traditional culture

	Trad. Nomadic reindeer-breeders, hunters and sea mammal hunters
Coastal (sedentary) and inland (nomadic) culture
Tribes that demand separate ethnic status: Alyutors (from Palana to Tilichiki, and W of Penzhinskaya Guba); Kereks (at Guba Gavriila)	
Ethno-geography:
The Koryaks form the native population of the Koryakskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug, the northern and middle part of Kamchatka, which is administratively associated with the Kamchatskaya Oblast. It is a mountainous land almost entirely covered with tundra and forest tundra. The southern part of the country is volcanically active. The Koryak residence area overlaps with those of the Evens (N and S), the Chukchi and Chuvans (N) and the Itelmens/Kamchadals (S). Population numbers have been slowly increasing during the last century. 71% of the Koryaks live in the okrug, where they form 16.5% of the population. They form 22.6% of the population of the okrug capital Palana (1003 individuals). (All numbers from the census of 1989.)
	The nomadic reindeer breeding Koryaks submitted early to Russian sovereignty and joined Russians, Evens, Yukagirs in attacking resistant coastal Koryaks as well as Chukchi, during the 18th century. This warfare, as well as a smallpox epidemic in 1769/70, substantially reduced the original population, from 10-11,000 in 1700 to ca. 4,800 in 1800. Two subgroups of the Koryaks were considered as individual ethnic groups in pre-Soviet times because of their distinct languages: the Alyutors living on the isthmus of Kamchatka and east of Penzhinskaya Guba (combined small-scale reindeer breeding with sea hunting and fishing), and the Kereks, of which only a very small group is left at Mys Navarin in the Chukotskiyy Avt. Okrug (coastal sea hunters).	
Lifestyle and subsistence of rural population:
The Koryaks are, like the Chukchi, traditionally subdivided into a sedentary, coastal sea mammal hunter and fisher society using baydars (skin boats) and dog sledges, and a nomadic, inland reindeer breeder and hunter society using reindeer and, locally, dog sledges. Traditional camps and coastal villages consisted of yarangas, fur-covered frame buildings, which are still used for herding purposes. Koryak yarangas were large and could accommodate up to 25 persons by the late 19th/early 20th century. 
Intensive reindeer breeding and salmon fishing are now the basic occupations of the Koryaks. Koryak reindeer herds are  known to be large and can contain several thousand animals. In 1993, the Koryakskiyy Avt. Okrug had ca. 200,000 reindeer, distributed within 11 collectives and some private herds. Like in Chukotka, the number has since been drastically decreasing. Reindeer breeders live semi-nomadically now. The Koryak reindeers are not tamed much, and the herds need to watched continuously. 
Coastal Koryaks have a traditional, annual cycle comprising spring sea mammal hunting and coastal fishing (July), summer salmon fishing, autumn sea mammal hunt and coastal fishing, including crab fishing (September-October) and winter fur animal hunting (November-March/April). 
Salmon fishing in rivers and river mouths has developed into one of the most economically important occupations of the Koryaks, amounting to 1.5 million tons a year, unless the fish is caught by foreign trawlers offshore. Along the shores, herring fishing (Clupea harengus) is economically most important. Other caught fish are red fish species like Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), Oncorhynchus tschawytscha, trout (salmo trutta), smelt (Osmerus mordax), grayling (Thymallus thymallus), lenka. Navaga, a cod species, is caught below the winter ice. 
Dog breeding for transportation was a traditional secondary occupation. Fur animal trapping (sable, fox, otter, weasel, wolverine, squirrel) was stimulated by Russian colonisers for yasak payment and trade. Newly introduced economical branches, with no cultural tradition, are cattle farming, horse breeding and vegetable gardening.	
Present environmental threats	Impacts on reindeer pastures, rivers and hunting grounds due to infrastructure 
Possible decrease of sea mammal population due to shipping 
Destruction of salmon population by commercial coastal fishing
Degradation of reindeer pastures and pollution of rivers from gold mining (cyanide poisoning of salmon stocks)	

Itelmens and Kamchadals	
 Self-designation(s) (singular, ISO spelling)	itanmahn, itenmehn 	
“Official” name(s) (plural form)	Russ.: ительмены   Engl.: Itelmens	
Other names (plural form)	Russ.: камчадалы   Engl.: Kamchadals (historical name; means today a Russian-speaking population of mixed Itelmen-Russian derivation, officially not recognised as an indigenous group)	
Residence area(s)	Itelmens: Western coast of central Kamchatka
Kamchadals: Upper Kamchatka Valley and in Petropavlovsk area, as well as locally at the western coast	
Population (census 1989 / (01.01.1998 Statistics -  Itelmens only)

Kamchadals: additional ca. 9,000	Former Soviet Union: 	2,481
Russian Federation: 	2,429	1,449
Koryakskiy Avt. Okrug:	1,179	1,061
Remaining Kamchatskaya Oblast:	262	40
Magadanskaya Oblast:	509	332	
Rural population (% in Russ. Fed.)	62.0%	
Ethnic affiliation	Palaeo-Asiatic Group	
National language	Itelmen, two dialects	
Affiliation of national language	Language Family: Palaeo-Asiatic 	
Status of national language (1989)	Mother tongue:  18.8%   Speaking fluently:  23.2%	
Cultural centre(s)	Itelmens: Kovran; Kamchadals: Milkovo	
Traditional culture	Traditional sedentary intensive fisher and hunter culture	
Ethno-geography:
The Itelmens were widely spread across southern Kamchatka prior to colonisation. They are now restricted to a land strip at the south-western coast of the peninsula, with the central village Kovran. In 1991, 369 of ca. 500 inhabitants were Itelmens. The other villages that had suvived the Stalin Era (Utkholok, Moroshechnoye, Sopochnoye) were closed, and the population relocated to Kovran, in the 1960s. Less than half of the Itelmen population still lives in their home country. The national language is severely threatened; ca. 450 individuals had Itelmen as their mother tongue in 1989, and there is no written language in use.
	At the arrival of the Russians, there were about 30,000 Itelmens in Kamchatka. The drop can partly be explained by initial warfare and epidemics. But then, large parts of the Itelmen population became intermarried with Koryaks, Russians and other immigrants; their descendants speak the Russian language, and have developed a distinctive, local culture. These people lost their indigenous status and the right to call themselves Itelmens in 1927. They are now trying to regain their indigenous status and call themselves Kamchadals, a colonial name formerly used for both the Itelmens and mixed population Their number is about 9,000, 2,000 of which live in the cities Petropavlovsk and Yelizovo. 7,000 live in the upper Kamchatka River valley and a few eastern and western coastal areas, namely the regions (rayony) of Sobolevo, Bolsheretsk, Milkovo, Klyuchi and Ust-Kamchatsk in the Kamchatskaya Oblast, as well as the Tigil and Penzhina areas in the Koryakskiyy Avt. Okrug. 	
Lifestyle and subsistence of rural population:
Fishing is the main traditional occupation of the Itelmens and Kamchadals, mainly in rivers (salmon). As for much of the remaining rural population of Kamchatka, fish is the main economic factor. Although offshore trawl fishing threatens the salmon migrations in the rivers, many Itelmens continue traditional net fishing. Important traditional fishing rivers for the Itelmens are the Utkholok, Kovran, Sopochnaya, Moroshechnaya and Belogolovaya. Indigenous salmon fishing was forbidden in the 1980s in order to protect the commercial marine fisheries. Indigenous people have individual fish quota today, but not enough for their needs. The controversial indigenous status of the Kamchadals has led to a confused and changeable situation concerning their fishing rights.
Stock farming is a modern occupation, first introduced in the 18th century, and carried out by the collective farms in Kovran. Meat and milk are exported to urban centres, while there is local food shortage. Horse breeding was important from the 18th century to the  beginning of the collectivisation in the 1930s, when it was mostly given up. Stock farming is also done by Kamchadals.. 
Vegetable gardening is an important occupation for many Kamchadals, in combination with fishing.
Fur animal hunting and trapping had a major economic importance among the Itelmens, also prior to colonisation and prior to the introduction of the yasak system. Important fur animals were sable and fox. Hunting of land and sea mammals mainly mountain sheep, wild reindeer, brown bear, seal and whale, have traditional importance. These occupations are almost abandoned today, mainly due to shortage and hunting restrictions.
Gathering of berries, herbs, roots and cedar nuts has always been an important secondary food source, also during the Soviet Era, but is getting more difficult due to the increasing scarcity of useful plants. During the last years, fees have been levied for gathered products, including drift wood (fire wood). 	
Present environmental threats	Destruction of salmon population by comm. coastal fishing and pollution from platinum mining
Deforestation of birch forest leads to depletion of fur animals and reduced quota for trapping
Contamination of fish stocks from new coal mining in Khayryuzovo	
 
NOTES

Scientific Research Programme: “People and the Nature Park - Social and Ecological Priorities”

Bystrinsky Nature Park, Bystrinsky district, Kamchatka region, the Russian Far East

Kamchatka Institute of Ecology and Natural Resource Use (KIEP; Academy of Sciences) 
683000 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy,
ul. Partizanskaya 6
phone 11-24-64, fax (415) 2 11 24 64
e-mail: terra@svyaz.kamchatka.su
Olga Andreevna Chernyatina

Scott Polar Research Institute (SPRI), Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1ER, UK
e-mail: emma@sakhalin.ru, ecw22@cam.ac.uk (from 1.1.2000)
Emma Wilson 

The joint research project “People and the Nature Park - Social and Ecological Priorities” is part of the KIEP research programme entitled: “Scientific research to develop recommendations for the socio-economic development of the indigenous peoples of Bystrinsky district, Kamchatka”.
	Bystrinsky Nature Park was established in 1995. In 1996 it was included in the list of World Natural Heritage sites. The park was established on the territory of a “national district”, with a significant indigenous population (predominantly Even). Bystrinsky Nature Park demands particular attention as, unlike the other specially protected areas (SPAs) of Kamchatka, the park encloses the district’s two settlements, and the local population actively uses the natural resources of the park.
	From July to September 1998 as part of the joint programme, KIEP and the Cambridge University “Project Kamchatka” team carried out a joint expedition “Project Kamchatka ’98”.
	The first stage of the work included:
- preliminary research of the plant biodiversity of Bystrinsky Nature Park;
- preliminary assessment of the state of the economy and social sphere of Bystrinsky district;
- study of the system of use and management of natural resources of Bystrinsky Nature Park.
	A report will be published on the basis of the results of the expedition. A short intermediary report can be found on the SPRI website at the following address: http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/ssg/triprep1.htm

Aid for the Kola-Saami 

On 21st of Ocober, the NNSIPRA Secretariat received the following letter which we think is worth publishing hoping it will stimulate others:

"Dear Friends,
This is to inform you, that the international workshop "Save the Kola-Sámi culture in Russian Lapland!" has succesfully transported for the second time three tons of food for the Sámi people, aimed especially at pensioners and unemployd people and their families. The action was organised together with the Kola-Sámi Association, which celebrated its first ten years organazising a two days conference with 200 participants. The list of the materials was planned together with the Kola- Sámi Association and consisted of 300 parcels, 10 kg each, with food and material for everyday purposes.
	The international co-operation played an important role in the action; NFI - the International 'Friends of the Nature' and its member organisations in Europe, the "Lappland-Initiative Bremen" leaded by Margret and Günter Böttcher, with Diakonische Werk in Bremen collected the main part of the financial means needed in the action; the Finnish 'Friends of the Nature' took the responsibility connected with providing the material and - with the great help of Kola-Sámi Association - transport to Murmansk and further to different parts of Kola Peninsula.
	As a co-ordinator the technical realisation of this action I want to thank everybody who has participated in different forms to the work. In the framework of the 'Nordic Dimension' different new initiatives will be taken. I hope you will find the convenient form to the further participation…
	With best regards
	Ilpo Rossi"

Global 500 Roll of Honour

GALINA DIACHKOVA

In early June 1999, RAIPON (President Mr. S. Kharyuchi) was awarded the Global 500 Roll of Honour. This award is granted by UNEP to individuals or organisations for outstanding achievements in the protection and improvement of the environment, supporting sustainable development. The title of the award is derived from the original intention of commending 500 individuals and organisations. 
	RAIPON has organised several campaigns dealing with the conservation of forests and animal species. It recently held a seminar for leaders of the 29 regional chapters on environmental problems affecting the traditional lifestyles of indigenous peoples in the Russian North. As a result of this meeting, they prepared thе action plan for the environment in Arctic Russia. 

Academic Union

GALINA DIACHKOVA

On 19 May 1999, the first congress of the Academic Union of the small indigenous nations of the Russian Federation was opened in Moscow. The main tasks of the Union will be to coordinate scientific activities with respect to solving the problems of the indigenous peoples of the Russian Federation. Ch.M. Taksami, Director of the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (St. Petersburg) was elected chairman, while G.S. Diachkova, aspirant at the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology (Moscow) was elected secretary. One of the Union's first undertakings was to appeal to the President of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yu.S. Osipov, and to the President of the Republic of Sakha, M.E. Nikolaev, to support the Institute of Problems of the North SO RAN (Director V.A. Robbek, Yakutsk) in the currently difficult socio-economic situation.

Book review

SIBERIAN SURVIVAL: THE NENETS AND THEIR STORY
Andrei Golovnev & Gail Osherenko
Cornell University Press, Aug. 1999
To order, see http://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu
Cost: US$ 29.95, plus shipping

The Yamal Peninsula in northwestern Siberia is one of the few remaining places on earth where a nomadic people retain a traditional culture. Here in the tundra, the Nenets - one of the few indigenous minorities of the Russian North - follow a lifestyle shaped by the seasonal migrations of the reindeer they herd. For decades under Soviet rule, they weathered harsh policies designed to subjugate them. How the Nenets successfully resisted indoctrination from a powerful totalitarian state and how today they face new challenges to the survival of their culture - these are the subjects of this compelling and lavishly illustrated book.
	The authors - one the head of a team of Russian ethnographers who have spent many seasons on the peninsula, the other an American attorney specializing in issues affecting the Arctic - introduce the rich culture of the Nenets. They recount how Soviet authorities attempted to restructure the native economy, by organising herders into collectives and redistributing reindeer and pasture lands, as well as to eradicate the native belief system, by killing shamans and destroying sacred sites. Over the past century, the Nenets have also witnessed the piecemeal destruction of their fragile environment and the forced settlement of part of their population. To understand how this society has survived against all odds, the authors consider the unique strengths of the culture and the characteristics of the outside forces confronting it.
	Today, the Yamal is known for a new reason: it is the site of one of the world's largest natural gas deposits. The authors discuss the dangers Russian and Western developers present to the Nenets people and recommend policies for land use which will help to preserve this remarkable culture. 
Cornell University Press

"Yamal is a land of continuous permafrost underlain by enormous deposits of natural gas over which the Nenets have served as responsible stewards for a millennium. Their prospects for continued survival - with the arrival of powerful players like Gazprom, the Russian gas monopoly, and the escalating sounds of foreign companies clamoring for access to the resources - range from reasonable to impossible, depending on whom you talk to. This book will enable readers to approach the debate well informed. The book is a gripping read, whatever one's background."
Bruce Forbes, Senior Scientist, Arctic Centre, University of Lapland

THE SMALL INDIGENOUS NATIONS OF NORTHERN RUSSIA – A Guide for Researchers
Edited by Dmitriy A. Funk & Lennard Sillanpää.
Åbo Akademi University, Social Science Research Unit, Publication No. 29, 1999. In English and Russian.

The book presents an overview chapter ("The impact of Russian national policies on the indigenous peoples of the north, Siberia and the Far East" from the 17th through the 20th centuries"), a brief introduction and a comprehensive bibliography for each of the ethnic groups. 

NEOTRADITIONALISM IN THE RUSSIAN NORTH
Edited by Aleksandr Pika
Canadian Circumpolar Institute, Edmonton, Circumpolar Research Series No. 6, 1999

English translation by Bruce Grant of the book by A. Pika: Неотрадиционализм на российском севере, 1995. The book illuminates many of the cultural, political and economic issues guiding Russian state policy toward Siberian indigenous peoples. Growing from a report submitted to the Russian Parliament, it became a guiding block for new legislation on the treatment of Northern minority peoples in post-Soviet Russia.

MEETINGS

Arctic Council Meeting Schedule 
Selected meetings

18-20 January 2000	AMAP Workshop on POPs and Human Health in the Arctic, Rovaniemi, Finland. Contact: AMAP Secretariat

27-30 January 2000	International Workshop, ”Sustainable Reindeer Husbandry in the Arctic”, Kautokeino, Norway. Organised by Norway, to further develop the Arctic Council Sustainable Development Programme. The workshop is open to members and observers of the Arctic Council. Further participation will be by invitation. Contact: Jostein Angell, Project Manager, Strategy for Sustainable Development in the Arctic.
Tel./Fax. +47 75 50 34 20/+47 75 52 67 25
E-mail: angell@landsdelsutvalget.no

7-10 February 2000 	CAFF/AMAP Workshop on a Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Programme, Reykjavik, Iceland. Contact: CAFF or AMAP Secretariats

12-16 February 2000	Winter Cities 2000: ”Sustainable Development of Winter Cities”. Luleå and Kiruna, Sweden. Sharing experience and knowledge on how to develop the Winter City for the benefit of individual inhabitants as well as society as a whole. 
			Info: www.wintercities.kiruna.se or www.wintercities.lulea.se 

23-25 February 2000	International Workshop, ”Sustainable Use and Conservation of Living Marine Resources”, Bodø, Norway. Organised by Norway, to further develop the Arctic Council Sustainable Development Programme. The workshop is open to members and observers of the Arctic Council. Further participation will be by invitation. Contact: Jostein Angell, Project Manager, Strategy for Sustainable Development in the Arctic. 
			Tel./Fax. +47 75 50 34 20/+47 75 52 67 25
			E-mail: angell@landsdelsutvalget.no

20-21 March 2000	International Workshop, ”Sustainable Production of Oil and Gas in the Arctic”, Tromsø, Norway. Organised by Norway, to further develop the Arctic Council Sustainable Development Programme. The workshop is open to members and observers of the Arctic Council. Further participation will be by invitation. Contact: Jostein Angell, Project Manager, Strategy for Sustainable Development in the Arctic.
			Tel./Fax. +47 75 50 34 20/+47 75 52 67 25
			E-mail: angell@landsdelsutvalget.no

Other meetings

4-9 June 2000	11th International Congress on Circumpolar Health, Harstad, Norway. Symposia are planned on topics of particular importance to Arctic indigenous peoples like the preservation and sharing of traditional knowledge and medicine, holistic approaches to issues of public health, native participation in research, and detrimental effects of substance abuse on many indigenous communities. The congress is open. Deadline for registration and abstracts: 15 January 2000, advanced registration deadline: 1 May 2000. Contact: c/o HOARR AS, P.O.B. 654, N-9486 Harstad.
			Phone: +47-77 01 89 89, fax: +47-77 01 89 80
			E-mail: administrasjon@hoarr.no

CONTACTS AND ADDRESSES – КОНТАКТЫ И АДРЕСА

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS / ORGANISATIONS
МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЯ / ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ_________________________________________________________

Aleut International Association (Международная Ассоциация Алеутов)
201 East Third Avenue
AK-99501, Anchorage
Alaska, USA
ph./тел. (+1) 907-276 2700
Flore Lekanof Sr.
fax/факс (+1) 907-279 4351 
florel@apiai.com

AMAP (Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme, Программа Арктического Мониторинга и Оценки)
Pb. 8100 Dep.
Strømsveien 96
N-0032 Oslo
ph./тел. (+47) 22 57 34 00
fax/факс (+47) 22 67 67 06
Lars-Otto Reiersen
ph./тел. (+47) 22 57 35 44
lars-otto.reiersen@amap.telemax.no

Barentssekretariatet (Secretariat of the Barents EuroArctic Region, Секретариат ЕвроАрктического Баренц Региона) Det regionale urfolksutvalget (Regional Committee for the Indigenous Peoples, Региональный Комитет Коренных Народов)
Wiullsgate 3
Pb. 276
N-9901 Kirkenes
ph./тел. (+47) 78 97 70 50
fax/факс (+47) 78 97 70 55
barsek@barsek.no
Alf Nystad
alfn@barsek.no

IASC (International Arctic Science Committee, Международный Арктический Научный Комитет)
Strømsveien 96 
N-0032 Oslo
ph./тел. (+47) 22 57 37 35
fax/факс (+47) 22 57 37 40
iasc@iasc.no
Odd Rogne

IASC/IASSA (International Arctic Social Sciences Association; Международная Арктическая Ассоциация общественных наук)
Yvon Csonka
Prehistory Department
University of Neuchatel
52, Pierre-à-Mazel
CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
ph./fax-тел./факс (+41) 32-721 22 04
ph./fax-тел./факс (+41) 32-725 60 08
ycsonka@vtx.ch

ICC (Inuit Circumpolar Conference, Циркумполярная Конференция Инуитов)
P.O.Box 204
DK-3900 Nuuk
GREENLAND
ph./тел. (+299) 32 36 32 
fax/факс (+299) 32 30 01
iccgreen@greennet.gl
Aqqaluk Lynge

ICC (Inuit Circumpolar Conference, Циркумполярная Конференция Инуитов)
Suite 504
170 Laurier Ave.W.
Ottawa, Ontario
CDN - K1P 5VA
ph./тел. (+1) 613 563-2442
fax/факс (+1) 613 565-3089
tuktu@magi.com
Corinne Gray

ICC (Inuit Circumpolar Conference, Циркумполярная Конференция Инуитов)
Suite 203
401 E. Northern Lights Blvd. 
AK-99503, Anchorage
Alaska, USA
ph./тел. (+1) 907 274-9058
fax/факс (+1) 907 274-3861

ICC (Inuit Circumpolar Conference, Циркумполярная Конференция Инуитов)
RUS-686710 Анадыр
Чукотка 
ph./тел. (+7) 427 224 2665
fax/факс (+7) 427 224 2919

Indigenous Peoples’ Secretariat (IPS), Arctic Council (Секретариат Коренных Народов, Арктического Совета)
Pilestræde 52
POB. 2151
DK-1016 København K
ph./тел. (+45) 33 69 34 98
fax/факс (+45) 33 69 34 99
ips@ghsdk.dk
Tove Søvndahl Petersen
TSP@ghsdk.dk
Alona Yefimenko
ayefimenko@hotmail.com
Marianne Johansen
MarianneS.Johansen@ghsdk.dk

IWGIA (International Working Group on Indigenous Affairs, Международная Рабочая Группа по Делам Коренных Народов)
Secretariat
Fiolstrædet 10
DK-1171 København
ph./тел. (+45) 33 12 47 24
fax/факс (+45) 33 14 77 49
Jens Dahl
jd@iwgia.org
Annette Dühring
duhring@teliamail.dk

IWGIA (International Working Group on Indigenous Affairs, Международная Рабочая Группа по Делам Коренных Народов)
Box 1092
S-221 01 Lund
iwgia.lund@swipnet.se
Eva Carlsson

IWGIA (International Working Group on Indigenous Affairs, Международная Рабочая Группа по Делам Коренных Народов)
RUS-117574 Москва 
проезд. Одоевского 7,5,595
Olga Murashko
ph./тел. (+7) 095-423 6140 (дом./home)
murkre@aha.ru
Irina Pokrovskaya
RUS-119270 Москва
P.O.Box 602
ph./тел. (+7) 095-242 1527
terpok@orc.ru

Sámi Parlamentáralaš Ráđđi (Saami Paliamentary Assembly, Парламентская Ассамблея Саамов)
Pb. 340
N-9520 Guovdageaidnu / Kautokeino
ph./тел. (+47) 78 48 66 66
fax/факс (+47) 78 48 65 66
samiparl@online.no
Nils Thomas Utsi

Sámiráđđi (Samerådet, Saami Council, Совет Саами)
FIN-99980 Ohcejohka/Utsjoki
ph./тел. (+358) 16 677 351
fax/факс (+358) 16 677 353
samiradd@netti.fi
Lars Anders Bær
Sámiráđđi, P.O. Box 200
S-96225 Jokkmokk
ph./тел. (+46) 971 12408, (+46) 908 78030
fax/факс (+46) 971 12637
Ann-Kristin Håkanson
FIN-99980 Ohcejohka/Utsjoki
ph./тел. (+358) 16 677 351
fax/факс (+358) 16 677 353
Leif Halonen
N-9520 Guovdageaidnu / Kautokeino
ph./тел. (+47) 78 48 58 00
fax/факс (+47) 78 48 58 90
Anne Nuorgam
FIN-99980 Ohcejohka/Utsjoki
ph./тел. (+358) 40-53 43 316
ph./тел. (+358) 16-34 58 68
fax/факс (+358) 16-34 12 777
anuorgam@levi.urova.fi

Taiga Rescue Network (Сеть Спасения Тайги)	
Box 116, Ajtte	
S-962 23 Jokkmokk
ph./тел. (+46) 971 170 39 
fax/факс (+46) 971 120 57
taiga@jokkmokk.se
Elisa Peter 
elisa.peter@jokkmokk.se

WHO (World Health Organization, ВОЗ – Всемирная Организация Здравоохранения)
Headquarters 
Avenue Appia 20
CH-1211 Geneva 27
Paolo Hartmann
ph./тел. (+41) 22-791 2735
fax/факс (+41) 22-791 0746
hartmannp@who.int

WWF (World Wide Fund for Nature, Фонд Дикой Природы)
Av. du MontBlanc
1196 Gland
Switzerland
Gonzalo Oviedo 
head, people and conservation (глава, проект: население и природоохрана)

WWF (World Wide Fund for Nature, Фонд Дикой Природы), Danish section
Ryesgade 3F
DK-2200 København N
ph./тел. +45-35 36 36 36
fax/факс +45-31 39 20 62
wwf-Denmark@wwfnotice.infonet.com
Anne Marie Mikkelsen

WWF (World Wide Fund for Nature, фонд Дикой Природы), Norwegian section
Kr. Augusts gate 7A
Pb. 6784 St. Olavs plass
N-0130 Oslo 
ph./тел. (+47) 22 03 65 00
fax/факс (+47) 22 20 06 66 
Peter Prokosch
peterp@online.no

UNEP/GRID-Arendal (United Nations Environmental Programme / Global Resources Information Database; Программа ООН по Окружающей Среде / Глобальная Информационная база Данных о Ресурсах)
Longum Park
Pb. 1602 Myrene
N-4801 Arendal
ph./тел. (+47) 37 03 56 50
fax/факс (+47) 37 03 50 50
Svein Tveitdal
tveitdal@grida.no
Lars Kullerud
kullerud@grida.no
Polar Programme Manager (Менеджер 
Программы Заполярья)

David Henry
c/o Canada Centre for Remote Sensing
Room 403, 588 Booth Street,
CDN-Ottawa K1A 0Y7, Ont.
ph./тел. (+1) 613 995 2042
fax/факс (+1) 613 947 1383
dhenry@nrcan.gc.ca
Ass. Polar Programme Manager (Зам. Менеджера Программы Заполярья)

YWAM (Youth With A Mission; Миссия Молодежи)
P.O.Box 82229
AK 99708-2229, Fairbanks,
Alaska, USA 
ywam@alaska.net
Bodil Henriksen 
Egil Rønningstad
Borgen
N-9046 Oteren
EgilnMonica@xc.org

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
RUSSIAN FEDERATION
РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ________________________________________________________________________________________

INDIGENOUS PEOPLES ORGANISATIONS
ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ КОРЕННЫХ НАРОДОВ 

Ассоциация коренных народов Севера, Сибири и Дальнего Востока (АКМНС) (Russian Association of Indigenous Peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East; RAIPON)
RUS-117415 г. Москва
пр. Вернадского 37, 
корпус 2, офис 527
ph./тел. (+7) 095 930 4468 
ph./тел. (+7) 095 938 9597 / 9527
fax/факс (+7) 095 930 4468 
fax/факс (+7) 095 938 9527
Харючи Сергей Николаевич (Sergey M. Kharyuchi)
Суляндзнга Павел Васильевич (Pavel V. Sulyandziga)
udege@glasnet.ru
Кириллин Сергей Михайлович (Sergey N. Kirillin)
Семёнова Тамара (Tamara Semyonova)
stam@glasnet.ru
Тодышев Михаил Анатольевич (Mikhail A. Todyshev)
RUS-654066 г. Новокузнецк 
Кемеровской обл.
Транспортная ул.
ph./тел. (+7) 3843 47 2794
fax/факс (+7) 3843 46 8446
root@shor.nkz.ru

Депутатская Ассамблея коренных малочисленных народов Севера (Deputy Assembly of the Indigenous Peoples of the North)
Айпин Еремей Данилович (Eremey D. Aypin)
ph./тел. (+7) 095 415 5406

Международная Лига малочисленных народов и этнических групп (International League of Indigenous Peoples and Ethnic Groups)
RUS-Москва
Рублевское шоссе, дом 34
ph./тел. (+7) 095 413 7695
ph./тел. (+7) 4232 31 5997
Гаер Евдокия Александровна (Evdokia A. Gaer)

Региональное общественное объединение “Северное содружество” Московское отд. АКМНС (Regional Public Union “Northern Сommonwealth”, Moscow Branch of RAIPON)
109316 Москва, Архангельский пер., д.15, стр.3
ph./тел. (+7) 095 923 2546
Пушкарева Елена Тимофеевна (Elena T. Pushkareva)
Теленкова Валентина Павловна (Valentina P. Telenkova)

Санкт-Петербургское отделение АКМНС (RAIPON Branch of Sankt-Petersburg)
RUS-195274 г. СанктПетербург
пр. Луначарского д. 81, корп. 1 кв. 110
ph./тел. (+7) 812 218 4211 
fax/факс (+7) 812 186 8614
Булатова Надежда Яковлевна (Nadezhda Ya. Bulatova)
ph./тел. (+7) 812 591 0022 (дом./home)

Мурманская областная Ассоциация Кольских саамов (Murmansk Regional Association of the Kola Saami)
RUS-183012 г. Мурманск
пр. Ленина 101-4
Афанасьева Нина (Nina E. Afanasieva)
ph./тел. (+7) 815-25 218 03 (дом./home)

Ассоциация ненецкого народа “Ясавэй” (Association of the Nenets People “Yasavey”)
RUS-164700 г. Нарьян-Мар
Ненецкий АО, Архангельская обл.
ул. Смидовича 20
ph./тел. (+7) 81853-2 3768
Выучейский Александр Иванович (Alexandr I. Vyucheisky)

Ассоциация “Спасение Югры” ХантыМансийского АО (Association “Yugra Restoration” of the KhantyMansy Autonomous Region)
RUS-626200 Тюменская область
Ханты-Мансийск
ул. Мира 5, к. 121 
ph./тел. (+7) 346-71 3 2325 
ph./тел. (+7) 346-71 3 4801
Гоголева Татьяна Степановна (Tatyana S. Gogoleva)

Ассоциация коренных малочисленных народов Севера Ямало-Ненецкого АО “Ямалпотомкам” (Association of the Indigenous Peoples of the North “Yamal to our descendants”) 
RUS-626600 г. Салехард
Тюменская обл.
ул. Губкина 13 к. 8
ph./тел. (+7) 345-91 44664
ph./тел. (+7) 345-91 46565
Евай Александр (Alexandr Evai)
ph./тел. (+7) 345-91 44698 (дом./home)

Таймырская окружная Ассоциация коренных малочисленных народов Севера (Taymyr Regional Association of the Indigenous Peoples of the North)
RUS-663370 г. Дудинка
Красноярский край 
Таймырский АО 
ул. Советская 35
ph./тел. (+7) 39111 25693 
ph./тел. (+7) 39111 25274
ph./тел. (+7) 39111 22353
Маймаго Геннадий Николаевич (Gennady N. Maimago)

Туруханская районная Ассоциация малых и коренных народов Севера (Ассоциация кетов) (Turukhansk Regional association of Indigenous Peoples of the North (Ket Association))
RUS-663191 с. Туруханск
Красноярский край
ул. Северная 17
ph./тел. (+7) 391-10 44881
Новик Надежда Васильевна (Nadezhda V. Novik)
ph./тел. (+7) 391-10 44693 (дом./home)

Ассоциация шорского народа Кемеровской области (Association of Shor People of the Kemerovo Region)
RUS-652870 Междуреченск
Кемеровской обл.
ул. 50 лет ВЛКСМ, дом 10, кв. 2
ph./тел. (+7) 3842 23 2850
Акуляков Павел Павлович (Pavel P. Akulyakov)
ph./тел. (+7) 3847 4 1976 (дом./home)
Кискорова Валентина Николаевна (Valentina N.Kiskorova)
RUS-652870 пос.Трехречье 
Кемеровская обл.
Междуреченский р-н
Кирсанов Александр Дмитриевич (Aleksandr D. Kirsanov)
RUS-652870 пос. Ортор 
Кемеровская обл.
Междуреченский р-н

Ассоциация телеутского народа “ЭнеБайат” Кемеровской области (Association of Teleut People “EneBayat” of the Kemerovo Region)
RUS-652652 с. Беково 
Кемеровская область 
Беловский район 
ул. Заречная, 52
ph./тел. (+7) 38452 59286 
ph./тел. (+7) 38452 59285
ph./тел. (+7) 38452 59240 (mailing office)
Тодышев Николай Петрович (Nikolay P. Todyshev)

Томская областная Ассоциация ”КолтаКуп” (Tomskaya Regional Association ”KoltaKup”)
RUS-636420 г. Колпашево
Томская область 
ул. Коммунистическая 13
ph./тел. (+7) 382542 3643
Киргеев Владимир Кузьмич (Vladimir K. Kirgeev)

Ассоциация коренных малочисленных народов Севера Красноярского края (Association of the Indigenous Peoples of the North of the Krasnoyarsk Region)
RUS-660049 г. Красноярск 
ул. Сурикова 42
ph./тел. (+7) 3912 26 5947
ph./тел. (+7) 3912 26 5948 
ph./тел. (+7) 3912 26 5952
Немтушкин Алитет Николаевич (Alitet N. Nemtushkin)

Ассоциация народностей Севера Республики Саха (Association of the Peoples of the North of the Sakha Republic)
RUS-677000 г. Якутск
Республика Саха (Якутия)
ул. Кирова 11
ph./тел. (+7) 41122 60680
ph./тел. (+7) 41122 928 7829
Кривошапкин Андрей Васильевич (Andrey V. Krivoshapkin)
ph./тел. (+7) 41122 216 7820 (дом./home)

Cоюз оленеводческих народов Республики Саха (Якутия) (Council of reindeer breeding peoples of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutiya))
RUS-677008 г. Якутск
ул. Петровского 23, кв. 26
ph./тел. 261370
Погодаева Мария Петровна

Ассоциация долган Республики Саха (Якутия) (Association of Dolgan People (Sakha Republic))
RUS-677000 г. Якутск
ул. Кирова, 11
Республика Саха (Якутия) 
ph./тел. (+7) 411-2 43 5561
Тимофеева Елена Поликарповна (Elena P. Timofeeva)
RUS-677000 г. Якутск 
ул. Короленко 28, кв. 39
ph./тел. (+7) 411-2 41 0290 (дом./home)

Эвенкийская Ассоциация “Арун” (Evenk Association “Arun”)
RUS-663370 п. Тура
ул. Советская 2
Красноярский край 
Эве6нкийский АО 
ph./тел. (+7) 39113 22703
Пикунова Зинаида Николаевна (Zinaida N. Pikunova)
ph./тел. (+7) 39113 22455 (дом./home)
Смирнова Мария Денисовна (Mariya D. Smirnova)
RUS-663370 Красноярский край
пос. Тура 
ул.Кочечумская д. 21 б, кв. 3
ph./тел. (+7) 39113-22819 (дом./home)

Ассоциация коренных малочисленных народов республики Тыва (Association of Indigenous Peoples of the Tyva Republic)
RUS-677000 с. Салдам, г. Кызыл
Республика Тыва
Тоджинский р-н
ул. Московская, 2а
ph./тел. (+7) 839 422 3 4037
Донгур-оол Андрей (Andrey Donguurool)
ph./тел. (+7) 839 422 3 3732 (дом./home)

Ассоциация коренных малочисленных народов Севера Республики Бурятия (Association of Indigenous Peoples of the North of the Buryat Republic)
RUS-г. УланУдэ
ул. Борсоева 13-54 
Республика Бурятия
ph./тел. (+7) 30122 25361
Степанов Петр Степанович (Petr S. Stepanov)
ph./тел. (+7) 30122 29261 (дом./home)

Ассоциация коренных малочисленных народов Чукотки (Association of the Indigenous Peoples of Chukotka)
RUS-686710 г. Анадырь
ул. Отке 37
ph./тел. (+7) 427-22 44372
Омрыпкир Александр Александрович (Alexander A. Omrypkir)
ул. Энергетиков 6 кв. 27
ph./тел. (+7) 427-22 44082 (дом./home)
Омрытхеут Зинаида (Zinaida Omrytkheut)
RUS-686710 Анадырь
ул. Мира 5, кв. 10
ph./тел. (+7) 427-22 40011 (дом./home) 

Магаданская областная ассоциация малочисленных народов и этнических групп Севера (Magadan Regional Association of the Indigenous Peoples and Ethnic Groups of the North)
RUS-685000 г. Магадан
пр. Горького, 6
Хабарова Анна Константиновна (Anna K. Khabarova)

Ассоциация малочисленных народов Севера Сахалинской области (Sakhalin Regional Association of the Indigenous Peoples of the North)
RUS-694450 п. Ноглики 
ул. Пограничная 5
ph./тел. (+7) 424-44 91371
Псягин Геннадий Николаевич (Gennady N. Psyagin)
ph./тел. (+7) 424-44 92265 (дом./home)
Соловьев Николай Васильевич (Nikolai V. Solov’ev)
RUS-694460 Оха Сахалинской обл.
ул. 60 лет СССР 26, кв. 103

Хабаровская краевая Ассоциация народов Севера (Khabarovsk Regional Association of the Peoples of the North)
RUS-680000 г. Хабаровск 
ул. Гоголя 16, кв. 1
ph./тел. (+7) 4212 23 6835
fax/факс (+7) 4212 32 4457
Волкова Галина (Galina Volkova)

Амурская областная Ассоциация коренных малочисленных народов Севера (Amur Regional Association of the Indigenous Peoples of the North)
RUS-675000 г. Благовещенск 
с. Ивановское Селемджинского района
ул. Ленина 135 (адм. обл.) 
ph./тел. (+7) 4162 44 0679
Бродзь Анна Алексеевна (Anna A. Brodz’)
ph./тел. (+7) 4162 26125 (дом./home)
Сафронова Тамара Сафроновна (Tamara S. Safronova)

Ассоциация малочисленных народов Читинской области (эвенков) (Association of the Indigenous Peoples of the Chita Region [Evenk])
RUS-672000 г. Чита-2 
ул. Амурская 68, к. 36 
(рег. Отдел Госкомсевера)
ph./тел. (+7) 30222 36795
Габышева Наталья Прокопьевна (Natalya P. Gabysheva)
Ягудина Наталья Гильтоновна (Natalya G. Yagudina)
RUS-672018 Чита-18
Жилгородок 14 кв.112

Камчатская областная Ассоциация коренных малочисленных народов Севера (Kamchatka Regional Association of Indigenous Peoples of the North)
RUS-683040 Петропавловск -Камчатский 
пл. Ленина 1,к. 515
ph./тел. (+7) 415-22 25986
fax/факс (+7) 415-22 21250
Санькович Валерий (Valery A. San’kovich)
Попов Андрей Анатольевич (Andrey A. Popov)
ph./тел. (+7) (415-22) 25432 (дом./home)

Камчатская Ассоциация камчадалов (Kamchatka Association of Kamchadals)
RUS-684610 г. Елизово
ул. Ленина 22
Камчатская область
ph./тел. (+7) 415-31 61363
Косыгин Пантелей Петрович (Panteley P. Kosygin)
ph./тел. (+7) 415-31 62223 (дом./home)

Корякская окружная ассоциация коренных малочисленных народов Севера (Koryak Regional Association of the Indigenous Peoples of the North)
RUS-684 620 п. Палана
ул. Поротова 20 
ph./тел. (+7) 415-43 32113
Запороцкий Алексей Никитович (Aleksey N. Zaporotsky)
ph./тел. (+7) 415-43 31874 (дом./home)

Ассоциации Алескам (Association "Aleskam")
RUS-684020 п.Раздольный, Елизовский р-н
Камчатская обл.
ул. 60 лет Октября д.1 кв.17 
ph./fax-тел./факс (+7) 8-231-97140
yupik@elrus.kamchatka.su
Игнатенко Людмила Григорьевна (Lyudmila G. Ignatenko)
президент, "ЯЯР"- Союз общественных организаций общин коренных малочисленных народов Севера Камчатской области (president of Union of Public Organisations of Indigenous Communities of the Northern Kamchatskaya Oblast)

"ЭЕК" общественная организация юристов и врачей коренных малочисленных народов Камчатки ("EEK" Public Indigenous Peoples' Organisation of Lawyers)
RUS-684030 г. Петропавловск-Камчатский 
Камчатская обл. 
ул. Циалковского 33\1 
ph./тел. (+7) 41531-74185, 41531-75546
Хоменко Валентина (Valentina Khomenko)

Алеутская Ассоциация “Ансарко” Камчатской области (Aleut Association “Ansarko” of the Kamchatka Region)
Добрынин Владимир Николаевич (Vladimir N. Dobrynin)
RUS-684500 с. Никольское
Алеутского района
ул. Гагарина 7, кв. 9

Ассоциация КМНС пос.Оссора (Association of indig. peoples of village Ossora)
RUS-684700 п.Оссора, Карагинский р-н
Камчатская обл.
ул.Строительная 41 кв.25
ph./тел.4-73-69
fax/факс: 31-017
zprco@svyaz.kamchatka.su
Тавынин Сергей Сергеевич (Sergey S. Tavynin)

Совет Возрождения ительменов Камчатки “Тхсаном” (Council of Itelmen Revival “Tkhsanom”)
RUS-684611 с. Ковран
Тигильский район
Камчатская обл.
Запороцкий Олег Никитович (Oleg N. Zaporotsky)
ph./тел. (+7) 415-39 28102

Дальневосточный Союз коренных малочисленных народов Севера Российской Федерации (Far East Union of the Indigenous Peoples of the North of the Russian Federation)
RUS-690110 г. Владивосток
ул. Нейбута 85 – 129
ph./тел. (+7) 4232 52 6859
fax/факс (+7) 4232 52 6859
Уза Алексей Лауланович (Aleksey L. Uza)
692031 село Красный Яр,
Приморского края, Пожарского р-на
ph./тел. (+7) 4232 32 687

Ассоциация коренных малочисленных народов Приморского края (Association of the Indigenous Peoples of Primorskiy Kray)
RUS-690110 г. Владивосток
ул. Нейбута 85 – 129
Суляндзига Родион Васильевич (Rodion V. Sulyandziga)
ph./тел. (+7) 4232 52 6859
fax/факс (+7) 4232 52 6859

ADMINISTRATION
АДМИНИСТРАЦИЯ 

Министерство региональной политики (Ministry of Regional Policy of the Russian Federation)
RUS-117415 Москва 
пр. Вернадского, 37, корп. 2
Дегтярь Ирина (Irina Degtyar)
ph./тел. (+7) 095 930 46 16
Шелест Виталий (Vitaly Schelest)
ph./тел. (+7) 095-248 83 50
fax/факс (+7) 095 930-71 97/202 44 90

Международный общественный фонд содействия экономическому и социальному развитию коренных народов Севера (International Public Fund for Support to Economic and Social Development of the Northern Indigenous Peoples)
RUS-117415 Москва 
пр. Вернадского, 37, корп. 2
ph./тел. (+7) 095 938 9534
fax/факс (+7) 095 930 4628
founip@dol.ru
Зайдфудим Павел Х. (Pavel Kh. Zaidfudim)
Доржинкевич Станислав И. (Stanislav Dorzhinkevich)

OTHER INSTITUTIONS AND ORGANISATIONS
ДРУГИЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЯ И ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ 

Институт Системного Анализа (Institute for System Analysis, Russian Academy of Sciences)
Андреева Елена (Elena Andreeva)
RUS-117312 Москва
пр. 60-Лет Октябрия, 9
ph./тел. (+7) 095-135 0018 
fax/факс (+7) 095-938 2209
VNIISI@isa.ac.ru

Информационный центр коренных малочисленных народов России (фонд L`AURAVETL`AN) (L`auravetl`an Indigenous Information Center)
RUS-129110 Москва
ул. Гиляровского 56
ph./тел. (+7) 095 284 8045 
ph./тел. (+7) 095 284 8248
iicl@orc.ru
Хайдып Арат (Arat Khaidyp)
Егоров Олег Ю. (Oleg Yu. Egorov)

Russian Conservation News
RUS-117321 Moskva
P.O.Box 71
ph./тел. (+7) 095-1902368 
rcn@glas.apc.org
Stephanie Hitztaler

INDIVIDUALS
ОТДЕЛЬНЫЕ УЧАСТНИКИ 

Ангина Татьяна Самсоновна (Tatyana S. Angina)
RUS-682420 с.Булава 
Ульчский р-н Хабаровский край 

Апока Анастасия Васильевна (Anastasiya V. Apoka)
RUS-686430 п. Эвенск 
С.Эвенский р-н Магаданская обл.
ph. home/тел.дом. (07) 22364
ph. off./тел.раб. (07) 22122, 22432
руководитель национального ансамбля песни и танца народов Севера “Тюллипиль” (leader of National Song and Dance Ensemble "Tyullipil")

Ардеева Ангелина С. (Angelina S. Ardeeva)
RUS-103265 Москва
Охотный ряд, 1
Госдума 
ph./тел. (+7) 095 292 3610
(Госдума, Gosduma)

Балакина Наталья Александровна (Natalya A. Balakina)
RUS-686720 с.Илирней
Чукотка 
Билибинский р-н администрация
уполномоченный главы администрации района (commissioner, district's administration)

Баранникова Ольга Семеновна (Olga S. Barannikova)
RUS-684620 п.Палана Камчатская обл. 
ул.Поротова 22
ph. home/тел.дом.32801
ph. off./тел.раб.31103, 32240 
председатель комитета по делам народностей Севера администрации Корякского автономного округа (chairman, Committee of ethnic affairs, Koryak Auton. Okrug) 

Беккерев Петр Петрович (Petr P. Bekkerev)
RUS- 684410 Елизовский р-он, г.Елизово 
Камчатская обл. 
ул. Ленина 3 кв.60
ph. home/тел.дом. (41531) 63255
глава общины "Вита" (head of community "Vita")

Богордаева Аксана (Aksana Bogordaeva)
RUS-625003 г.Тюмень а/я 2774
ph./тел. 3452-240728
fax/факс 3452-242642
ipos@sbtx.tmn.ru
сотрудник Института проблем освоения Севера СО РАН (research worker, Inst. for Assimilation Problems of the North)
Верегиргина Любовь Петровна (Lyubov P. Veregirgina)
RUS-686811 Чукотка 
с.Конергино 
Иультинский р-н 
председатель первичной ассоциации коренных народов Чукотки (chairman, Initial Association of indig. people of Chukota) 

Вуквукай Иван Сергеевич (Ivan S. Vykvykay)
RUS-686710 г.Анадырь 
ул.Отке 32 кв.2
ph. home/тел.дом. 2-4514
председатель общества “Доверие” (chairman, society "Doveriye")

Вуквутагин Юрий (Yuriy Vukvutagin)
RUS-686720 Уэлен
Чукотский р-н
Чукотский автономный округ 
зам.директора косторезной мастерской (deputy director, Workshop)

Вуквухай Лилия Семеновна (Liliya S. Vukvukhay)
RUS-686430 п.Эвенск 
С-Эвенский р-н Магаданская обл. 
а/я111
ph. home/тел.дом. (07) 227-36
председатель районной ассоциации малочисленных народов Севера СЭвенского р-на (chairman of district's association of northern indigenous people, S-Evensk District) 

Выквырагтыгиргина Лариса (Larisa Vykvyragtygirgina)
RUS-686710 г.Анадырь 
ул.Беринга 8 кв.4
ph. home/тел.дом. 4-6961,
ph. off./тел.раб. 2-4718 
редактор радио “Чукотка” (radio moderator "Chukotka") 

Гашилова Людмила Борисовна (Lyudmila B. Gashilova)
RUS-195030 С-Петербург 
ул.Ударников 43 кор.3 кв.106
ph. home/тел.дом. (+7) 812-526 1114
ph./тел.сл. (+7) 812-186 8614
зав.кафедрой палеоазиатских языков Российского госпедуниверситета (chair of PalaeoAsiatic languages, Russian State University)

Гусакова Екатерина Григорьевна (Ekaterina G. Gusakova)
RUS-686610 г.Певек
Чаунский р-н
Чукотка 
администрация района 
председатель районной ассоциации коренных народов Чукотки (chairman, District's Association of indig. people of Chukota)

Дюкарев Григорий Иванович (Grigoriy G. Dyukarev)
RUS-663210 г.Дудинка 
Красноярский край 
Таймырский автономный округ 
ул.Дудинская 23кв.7
ph./тел. дом.(39111) 23354
частный предприниматель национального предприятия (private entrpreneur of national enterprise)

Егоров Сергей Иванович (Sergey I. Egorov)
RUS-686740 п.Амгуэма 
Чукотка 
Иультинский р-н администрация 
уполномоченный главы администрации р-она (commissioner, district's administration)

Жирков Борис Александрович (Boris A. Zhirkov)
RUS-684611 с.Ковран 
Тигильский р-н 
Камчаская обл.
ph./тел. 28-1-02
руководитель ансамбля “Эльвель” (leader of Dance Ensemble “El’vel’ ”)

Иннекей Лидия Семёновна (Lidiya S. Innekey)
RUS-686734 с. Ваеги
Анадырский р-н
Чукотка
фельдшер (medical assistant)

Исаков Андрей Валентинович (Andrey V. Isakov)
RUS-677013 г.Якутск 
ул.Каландрашвили 27 кв.8
ph. home/тел.дом. (4112) 254352
evedy@saha.ru
председатель Совета Союза молодежи КМНС (chairman of council of indigenous youth ass.)

Ковейник Вера Иннокентьевна (Vera I. Koveynik)
RUS-684033 Елизовский р-он, п.Сосновка
Камчатская обл. 
ул.Центральная 7кв.17 
ph. home/тел.дом. 41531 -96273
председатель, объединение "Пимчах" (chairman of association "Pimchakh")

Коновалова Зинаида Петровна (Zinanda P. Konobalova)
RUS-686830 с.Мыс Шмидта 
Шмидтовский район
администрация поселка 
председатель первичной ассоциации коренных народов Чукотки (chairman, Initial Association of indig. people of Chukotka) 

Коравье Дмитрий Петрович (Dmitriy P. Koravye)
RUS-685000 г.Магадан
администрации области
ph./тел. 23152
консультант по национальным вопросам (consultant of ethnic affairs)

Кривогорницын Александр Юрьевич (Aleksandr Krivogornitsyn)
RUS-684020 п. Раздольный 
Елизовский р-н Камчатская обл.
ул. 60 лет Октября 5 кв.36
ph./fax-тел./факс (8415) 97140
yupik@elrus.kamchatka.su

Кузьмин Анатолий Андреевич (Anatoliy A. Kuzmin)
RUS-686712 с.Хатырка 
Чукотка 
Беринговский р-н администрация
уполномоченный главы администрации р-на (commissioner, district's administration)

Кузнецов Олег В. (Oleg V. Kuznetsov)
RUS-672000 Чита
ул. Чайковского 2-14
ph./тел. (+7) 3022 232 490
fax/факс (+7) 3022 236 63
zabaikal@chat.ru
(head of Dep. Chita State University,
Center for Cultural Anthropology of Trans-Baikal natives)

Куликова Идея Владимировна (Ideya V. Kulikova)
RUS-197372 С-Петербург 
а/я 158
ph. home/тел.дом. (+7) 812-341 5404
ph./тел.сл. (+7) 812-186 8614
доцент кафедры палеоазиатских языков Российского госпедуниверситета (teacher of PalaeoAsiatic languages, Russian State University)

Куркутская Людмила Владимировна (Lyudmila V. Kurkutskaya)
RUS-686734 с. Ваеги
Анадырский р-н
Чукотка
зам. директора оленеводческого предприятия (deputy director of reindeer farm)

Лаврищук Лариса Владимировна (Larisa V. Lavrishchuk)
RUS-685560 Магадан 
ул.Набережная р.Магаданки 13 к.300
ph. off./тел.раб. (+7) 41322-23289
pilc@online.magadan.su
зам.руководителя сектора молодежи городской Ассоциации КМНС (deputy leader, youth section, indig. peoples' town ass. of Magadan)
Леханова Фаина Матвеевна (Faina M. Lekhanova)
home/дом: 
RUS-678333 с. Иенгра 
Республика Саха (Якутия)
ул. 50 лет Победы д. 1 кв. 1
НИИ Национальных Школ Республики Саха, Лаборатория эвенкийского языка и культуры (NII National School of the Sakha Republic, Laboratory of Evenk language and culture)

Мельникова Марина Сергеевна (Marina S. Melnikova)
RUS-686741 с.Ванкарем 
Чукотка 
Иультинский р-н администрация
уполномоченный главы администрации рона (commissioner, district's administration)

Мыльников Александр Михайлович (Aleksandr M. Mylnikov)
RUS-686742 Чукотка 
с.Конергино администрация 
уполномоченный главы администрации р-на (commissioner, district's administration)

Никитин Анатолий Николаевич (Anatoliy N. Nikitin)
RUS-684021 Елизовский р-он
Камчатская обл. 
п.Центральные Коряки ул. Первомайская 21
fax/факс ( 41531) 45513
президент, обединение "Кояна" (president, association "Koyana")

Никитина Софья Рудольфовна (Sofya R. Nikitina)
RUS-683024 Петропавловск-Камчатский
Камчатская область 
ул.Автомобилистов 45/2 к7, 
ph./fax-тел./факс (41531)-45513
президент, объединение "Бионик" - научно-иследовательский 
центр поддержки коренных народов Камчатки (president, association "Bionik" – scientific centre for the support of the indigenous peoples of Kamchatka)

Новьюхов Александр Вячеславович (Aleksandr V. Novyukhov) 
RUS-626800 п.Березово 
Березовский р-н 
Ханты--Мансийский АО
ул.Путилова 47 кв.1
ph. home/тел.дом.(34674) 21137
ph. off./тел.раб.21530 
глава Тегинскойтерритории муниципального образования (head of municipality, Teginsk Territory)

Нотатынагиргина Галина Ивановна (Galina I. Notatynagirgina)
RUS-686710 с.Тавайваам 
Анадырский р-н 
ph. off./тел.раб. 4-6474 
директор Дома Культуры (director, House of Culture) 

Нутексу Виктор Михайлович (Viktor M. Nuteksu)
RUS-686710 с.Алькатваам
Чукотка 
Беринговский р-н администрация
уполномоченный главы администрации района (commissioner, district's administration)
Нутелхут Галина Андреевна (Galina A. Nutelkhut)
RUS-684010 г.Елизово 
ул.40 лет Октября 10а кв.19
ph. home/тел.дом.69994 yupik@elrus.kamchatka.su 
зам.председателя молодежной организации Камчатской области “Этноинициатива” (deputy leader, youth organ. of Kamchatka)

Няруй Валентина Нелаковна (Valentina V. Nyaruy)
RUS-626608 г.Салехард 
ул.Комсомольская д.2А кв.1
ph. home/тел.дом. 4-6742
ph. off./тел.раб. 4-9928
зам.директора Института усовершенствования учителей (deputy director, Pedagogical Institute)

Овчинникова Евдокия Михайловна (Evdokiya M. Ovchinnikova)
RUS-686721 с.Островное
Чукотка 
Билибинский р-н администрация
уполномоченный главы администрации р-на (commissioner, district's administration) 

Падерин Василий Владиславович (Vasiliy V. Paderin)
RUS-684310 с.Эссо 
Быстринский р-н Камчатская обл.
ул.Комсомольская 7 кв.3
ph. off./тел.раб. 21-382
секретарь Быстринской общественной организации народов Севера (secretary, public organisation of northern peoples of Bystrinsk)

Пелетагин Сергей Михайлович (Sergey M. Peletagin)
RUS-686732 с.Краснено
Чукотка
Анадырский р-н администрация
уполномоченный главы администрации района (commissioner, district's administration) 

Песков Владимир (Vladimir Peskov)
Гражданский проспект 92/1 – 273
RUS-195257 С-Петербург
ph./тел./fax/факс (+7) 812-556 57 04
vladpskv@neva.spb.ru

Пассар Любовь Владимировна (Lyubov V. Passar)
RUS-682307 Хабаровский край 
пос.Некрасовка, Хабаровский р-н
ул.Партизанская 10 кв.9
ph. off./тел.раб. 95-1073
ph. home/тел.дом. 95-1842
нарколог (drug abuse specialist)

Петровская Елена Сергеевна (Elena S. Petrovskaya)
RUS-686515 с.Кепервээм 
Билибинский р-н Чукотка
ул.Комарова 8 кв.4
ph. off./тел.раб.27293
руководитель национального ансамбля (leader of national ensemble)

Печетегина Татьяна А. (Tatyana A. Pechetegina)
RUS-686950 Уэлен
Чукотский АО
Учитель культурологии (teacher of culture anthropology)

Рахманина Лидия Викторовна (Lidiya V. Rakhmanina)
RUS-184290 с. Ловозеро
Мурманская область 
ул. Вокуева 17 – 66
ph./тел. 815-38-30126 / 31110
fax/факс 815-38-31306
методист районного отдела культури (methodist, district's cultural department)

Ругин Владимир Прокопьевич (Vladimir P. Rugin)
RUS-626600 с.Мужи Шурышкарский р-н 
Ямало-Ненецкий автономный округ
глав.врач райбольницы (ass. medical director)

Санашкин Алтайчи (Altaychi Sanashkin)
Республика Алтай
RUS-659700 г. Горно-Алтайск
ул. Больничная, 35 - 6

Сериков Виктор Николаевич (Viktor N. Serikov)
RUS-686710 Анадырь
ул. Отке 33А, кв. 27
ph./тел. 22035
сотрудник научно-исследовательского Центра (research worker)

Скамейко Раиса Романовна (Raisa P. Ckameyko)
RUS-626608 г.Салехард 
ул.Мира д.4 кв.4
ph. home/тел.дом. 4-7671
ph./тел. раб. 4-9928
зав.лабораторией Института усовершенствования учителей (Laboratory manager, Pedagogical Institute)

Слободчикова Т.Е. (T.E. Slobodchikova)
RUS-684019 Елизовский р-он, п.Зеленый 
ул.Юбилейная 7 кв.30
Камчатская обл.
глава районного управления "Лукичи" (head of district's board "Lukichi")

Созыкин Виктор Иванович (Viktor I. Sozykin)
RUS-686733 п.Марково
Анадырский р-н 
Чукотка 
уполномоченный главы администрации района (commissioner, district's administration) 

Солодикова Галина Михайловна (Galina M. Solodikova)
RUS-683009 Камчатская обл. 
Петропавловск-Камчатский
ул.Курчатова 31-22
ph. home/тел.дом. 8-415-22-7-4868
психиатр-нарколог (psychiatrist, drug abuse specialist)

Спиридонов Валериан Валерьевич (Valerian V. Spiridonov)
RUS-677000 г.Якутск 
ул.Ярославского 7 кв.10
ph. home/тел.дом.(4112) 440290

Сусой Елена Григорьевна (Elena G. Susoy)
RUS-626608 г.Салехард 
ул.Комсомольская 40, кв.1 
ph. home/тел.дом. 4-7381
директор музея-квартиры им.Л.В.Лапцуя (museum director)

Сязи Антонина Макаровна (Antonina M. Syazi)
RUS-626608 г.Салехард 
ул.Космодемьянской 44 кв.12
тел. дом. 4-5015
тел. раб. 4-5422
директор научного центра гуманитарных исследований коренных малочисленных народов Севера Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа (director, Centre of Humanitarian Sciences of Northern Peoples, YamaloNenets Auton. Okrug)

Таврат Алексей Прокопьевич (Aleksey P. Tavrat)
RUS-677000 г.Якутск 
Республика Саха (Якутия) 
пр.Ленина 21 кв.12
ph. home/тел.дом.(4112) 421205

Таеургин Василий Иванович (Vasiliy I. Tayeurgin)
RUS-686730 с.Канчалан 
Анадырский р-н
Чукотка 
оленевод (reindeer breeder) 

Терлецкая Ольга (Olga Terletskaya)
RUS-164700 г. Нарьян-Мар 
Ненецкий А.О.
ул. Ленина, 41-б, кв. 66
ph./тел. (+7) 81 853-4 21 66
fax/факс (+7) 81 853-4 20 22
rednv@atnet.ru
редактор ненецкая отдела, газета "Нарьяна виндер" (editor of Nenets section, newspaper "Naryana vinder")

Тимонина Елена Николаевна (Elena N. Timonina)
RUS-686710 Анадырь
ул. Горького 6 – 12
ph./тел. 22808
редактор чукотского телевидения (moderator, Chukotkan television)

Тынескин Алексей Николаевич (Aleksey N. Tyneskin)
RUS-686731 с.Чуванское
Чукотка 
Анадырский р-н администрация
уполномоченный главы администрации района (commissioner, district's administration) 

Тынетегин Владимир (Vladimir Tynetegin)
RUS-683030 Петропавловск -Камчатский 
ул. Дальняя 38 кв.7 
председатель, объединение "Каюр” (chairman, association "Kayur")

Успенская Валентина Ивановна (Valentina Uspenskaya)
RUS-683030 Петропавловск-Камчатский
ул.Кручины 6 - 149
ph. home/тел.дом. 41531-95325,т.служ.41522-34328
редактор газеты "Абориген Камчатки" (editor, newspapar "Aborigen Kamchatki")

Хэно Ирина Сергеевна (Irina S. Kheno)
RUS-626 600 п.Тарко Сале 
Пуровский р-н 
Ямало-Ненецкий автономный округ
ph. home/тел.дом. 2-2371
ph. off./тел.раб. 2-1912

Эмма Уилсон (Emma Wilson)
RUS-693021 г. Южно-Сахалинск 
а/р Луговое
ул. Пионерская 46 – 4
с/о Клюева Е.В.
emma@sakhalin.ru
Scott Polar Research Institute
аспирантка Института полярных исследований им.Скотта (candidate, Scott Polar Research Inst.)

Ясаков Анатолий Петрович (Anatoliy P. Yasakov)
RUS-652611 г. Белово 
ул.1-й Телеут 32а
ph./тел. 220-82
председатель национального комитета самоуправления телеутов (chairman of Teleut National Committee)

Ясинская Светлана Гавриловна (Svetlana G. Yasinskaya)
RUS-686711 с.Мейныпильгино
Чукотка
Беринговский р-н администрация
уполномоченный главы администрации района (commissioner, district's administration)

Ященко Ирина Михайловна (Irina M. Yashchenko)
RUS-686010 п.Ола 
Магаданская обл. 
ул.Лесная 3а кв.4
ph. home/тел.дом.25271
председатель правления Ольской поселковой ассоциации МНС (chairman of indig. peoples' village association of Ola)

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
NORWAY
НОРВЕГИЯ_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

NORWEGIAN GOVERNMENTAL INSTITUTIONS AND FUNDING AGENCIES
НОРВЕЖСКИЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЕ ИНСТИТУТЫ И АГЕНТСТВА ФОНДОВ

Miljøverndepartementet, Seksjon for Polarsaker og Samarbeid med Russland (Ministry of the EN-viroN-ment, Division for Polar Affairs and Cooperation with Russia; Министерство Окружающей Среды, Управление по делам Арктики  и сотрудничеству с Россией)
Pb. 8013 Dep
N-0030 Oslo
fax/факс (+47) 22 24 27 55
per.antonsen@md.dep.no
Gunnbjørg Nåvik
ph./тел. (+47) 22 24 59 74 
ghn@md.dep.no
Per Antonsen
ph./тел. (+47) 22 24 59 84

Utenriksdepartementet, Seksjon for prosjektsamarbeid med Sentral og Østeuropa (Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Division for Project Cooperation with Central and Eastern Europe; Министерство Иностранных Дел,  Управление по Сотрудничеству с Центральной и Восточной Европой)
Pb. 8114 Dep
N-0030 Oslo
Gerd Berit Lavik
ph./тел. (+47) 22 24 33 44
fax/факс (+47) 22 24 33 42
esso@ud.dep.telemax.no

Utenriksdepartementet, Seksjon for Russland og de øvrige SUS landene (Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Division for Russia and the other CIS countries; Министерство Иностранных Дел, Управление по сотрудничеству с Россией и другими странами СНГ)
Pb. 8114 Dep
N-0030 Oslo
Leidulv Namtvedt
ph./тел. (+47) 22 24 33 32
fax/факс (+47) 22 24 95 80

Norges Forskningsråd (Norwegian Research Council; Норвежский Научно-исследовательский Совет)
Stensberggata 26
Pb. 2700 St. Hanshaugen
N-0131 Oslo
Inger-Ann Ulstein
ph./тел. (+47) 22 03 73 43
fax/факс (+47) 22 03 72 78
ingerann.ulstein@forskningsradet.no

NORWEGIAN INSTITUTIONS AND ORGANISATIONS
НОРВЕЖСКИЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЯ И ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ

Bellona (ОбЪединение “Беллуна”)
Pb. 2141 Grünerløkka
N-0505 Oslo
ph./тел. (+47) 22 23 46 00
fax/факс (+47) 22 38 38 62
bellona@bellona.no
Thomas Nielsen 
thomasn@bellona.no

Den norske Helsingforskomitéen (Norwegian Helsingfors Committee; Норвежский Хельсингфорский комитет)
Urtegata 50
N-0187 Oslo
Bjørn Engelsland
ph./тел. (+47) 22 57 00 70
fax/факс (+47) 22 57 00 88
nhc@nhc.no

Direktoratet for naturforvaltning (The Directorate for Nature Management, Директорат по управлению природными ресурсами)
N-7485 Trondheim
ph./тел. (+47) 73 58 08 33
fax/факс (+47) 73 58 05 01
Reidar Hindrum
reidar.hindrum@dirnat.no

Forskningsstiftelsen FAFO (FAFO Institute for Applied Social Science; ФАФО Институт Прикладных общественных наук)
Borggata 2B
Pb. 2947 Tøyen
N-0608 Oslo
ph./тел. (+47) 22 08 86 00
Aadne Aasland
ph./тел. (+47) 22 08 87 11
fax/факс (+47) 22 08 87 00
aadne.aasland@fafo.no

Forum for utvikling og miljø (Forum for development and environment; Форум  по Развитию и Окружающей Среде)
Storgata 33A
N-0184 Oslo
Jan Gustav Strandenæs
ph./тел. (+47) 22 20 98 70
fax/факс (+47) 22 20 37 80
jstrand.forum@online.no

Fridtjof Nansens Institutt (Институт  им.Фритьофа Нансена)
Fridtjof Nansens vei 17
Pb. 324
N-1324 Lysaker
ph./тел. (+47) 67 11 19 00
fax/факс (+47) 67 11 19 10
Douglas Brubaker 
ph./тел. +(47) 67 11 19 08
douglas.brubaker@fni.no
Claes Lykke Ragner
ph./тел. (+47) 67 11 19 15
claes.ragner@fni.no

Gáisá (Saami Resources Centre and Network; Саамский Центр  природных ресурсов и распространения информации)
Heggåsveien 6
N-9020 Tromsdalen
Jorunn Eikjok
ph./тел. (+47) 77 62 81 68
fax/факс (+47) 77 62 66 80
utvej@rito.no

Høgskolen i Lillehammer (Highschool of Lillehammerø; Вуз Лиллехаммер)
N-2600 Lillehammer
Hans Jørgen W. Weihe
ph./тел. (+47) 61 28 80 04
fax/факс (+47) 61 28 81 90
H-J.Wallin.Weihe@hil.no

Norsk Institutt for kulturminneforskning (NIKU), Avd. for arkeologi og landskap (Norwegian Institute for Cultural Heritage Research, Dept. for Archaeology and Landscape; Норвежский научно-исследовательский институт культурного наследия, отдел археологии и изучения ландшафта)
Pb. 736 Sentrum
N-0105 Oslo
ph./тел. (+47) 23 35 50 32
fax/факс (+47) 23 35 50 01
Ole Grøn
ole.gron@nikuosl.ninaniku.no

Norsk Institutt for Naturforskning (NINA: Norwegian Institute for Nature Research; Норвежский Институт Естествознания), 
Tungasletta 2
N-7485 Trondeheim 
ph./тел. (+47) 73 80 14 00
fax/факс (+47) 73 80 14 01
Nils Røv
nils.rov@ninatrd.ninaniku.no

Norges teknisknaturvitenskapelige Universitet (NTNU; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Норвежский Университет Науки и Технологий)
N-7034 Trondheim
Thor B. Arlov
ph./тел. (+47) 73 59 80 31
fax/факс (+47) 73 59 80 99
thor.arlov@adm.ntnu.no

Norsk Folkemuseum, Samisk samling (Norwegian Museum of Folklore, Saami Collection, Музей фольклора Норвегии, Саамская коллекция)
Museumsveien 10
N-0287 OSLO
ph./тел. (+47) 22 12 37 00
fax/факс (+47) 22 12 37 77
Ove Pettersen
home (дом):
Olav Nygards veg 214 B
0688 Oslo
ove.pettersen@same.net

Norsk forum for ytringsfrihet (Norwegian Forum for Freedom of Expression; Норвежский Форум Свободы Самовыражения)
Urtegata 50 
N-0187 Oslo
Mette Newth
ph./тел. (+47) 22 67 79 64
fax/факс (+47) 22 57 00 88
nffe@online.no

Norsk Institutt for menneskerettigheter (Univ. i Oslo) (Norwegian Institute of Human Rights (University of Oslo); Норвежский Институт Прав Человека (Университет Осло))
Universitetsgata 22-24
ph./тел. (+47) 22 84 20 01
fax/факс (+47) 22 84 20 02
N-0162 Oslo
Asbjørn Eide
(+47) 22 84 20 04
asbjorn.eide@nihr.uio.no

Norsk utenrikspolitisk institutt (NUPI), Senter for Russlandsstudier (Norwegian Institute of International Affairs, Centre for Russian Studies; Норвежский Институт Международных Отношений, Центр Российских Исследований)
Pb. 8159 Dep.
N-0033 Oslo
Helge Blakkisrud
ph./тел. (+47) 22 05 65 27
fax/факс (+47) 22 17 70 15
helge.blakkisrud@nupi.no

Norsk Polarinstitutt (Norwegian Polar Institute; Норвежский Полярный Институт)
Polarmiljøsenteret 
N-9296 Tromsø
ph./тел. (+47) 77 75 05 00
fax/факс (+47) 77 75 05 01
Winfried Dallmann
ph./тел. (+47) 77 75 06 48
dallmann@npolar.no
Olav Orheim
ph./тел. (+47) 77 75 06 20
orheim@npolar.no
Christoffer Brodersen
ph./тел. (+47) 77 75 06 50
brodersen@npolar.no
Bjørn F. Johansen
ph./тел. (+47) 77 75 06 35
bjorn.johansen@npolar.no
Gunnar Sander
ph./тел. (+47) 77 75 06 37
sander@npolar.no
Pål Prestrud
ph./тел. (+47) 77 75 06 37
prestrud@npolar.no

Riksantikvaren (The Directorate for Cultural Heritage, Директорат по вопросам культурного наследия)
Dronningens gate 13
Pb. 8196 Dep
N-0034 Oslo
ph./тел. (+47) 22 94 04 00
fax/факс (+47) 22 94 04 04
Dag Myklebust	
dag.myklebust@ra.no
Ingegerd Holand	
ingegerd.holand@ra.no

Sámediggi (Sametinget; Saami Parliament; Парламент Саами)
Pb. 144
N-9730 Kárášjohka / Karasjok
ph./тел. (+47) 78 46 71 00
fax/факс (+47) 78 46 69 49
adm@samediggi.no
Sven-Roald Nystø

Svanhovd miljøsenter (Svanhovd Environmental Centre; Центр Окружающей Среды Сванховд)
N-9925 Svanvik
ph./тел. (+47) 78 97 36 00
fax/факс (+47) 78 97 36 01
svanhovd@svanhovd.no
Steinar Wikan
Steinar.Wikan@svanhovd.no
Bjørn Frantzen
bjorn.frantzen@svanhovd.no

Tromsø Museum (Музей Тромсё)
N-9006 Tromsø
fax/факс (+47) 77 64 55 20
Ivar Bjørklund
ph./тел. (+47) 77 64 52 74 
ivarb@imv.uit.no
Johan A. Kalstad
ph./тел. (+47) 77 64 57 23 
johan@imv.uit.no
Terje Brantenberg

Universitetet i Tromsø, Lingvistisk institutt (University of Tromsø, Institute of Linguistics; Университет Тромсё, Институт Языкознания)
N-9037 Tromsø
Trond Trosterud
ph./тел. (+47) 77 64 47 63
fax/факс (+47) 77 64 42 39
Trond.Trosterud@hum.uit.no

Universitetet i Tromsø, Senter for samiske studier (University of Tromsø, Centre of Saami Studies; Университет Тромсё, Центр Саамских Исследований)
N-9037 Tromsø
saamidg@list.uit.no
Johnny-Leo Jernsletten
ph./тел. (+47) 77 64 55 35
fax/факс (+47) 77 67 66 72
johnny.jernsletten@list.uit.no

Universitetet i Tromsø, Institutt for sosialanthropologi (University of Tromsø, Institute of Social Anthropology; Университет Трумсё, Институт Социальной Антропологии)
N-9037 Tromsø
Finn Sivert Nielsen
home (дом):
M.Urdalsvei 3
N-9011 Tromsø
ph./тел. (+47) 77 61 30 62
finnsn@sv.uit.no

NORWEGIAN COMPANIES
НОРВЕЖСКИЕ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ

Norsk Hydro AS
P.O.Box 200
N-1321 Stabekk
ph./тел. (+47) 22 73 81 00
Otto Beyer 
ph./тел. (+47) 22 73 81 13
otto.beyer@hydro.com
director oil/gas Russia
Asbjørn Sæbøe 
ph./тел. (+47) 22 73 84 04
asbjorn.saboe@hydro.com
New Ventures Manager

INDIVIDUALS
ОТДЕЛЬНЫЕ УЧАСТНИКИ 

Philip Burgess
Åsveien 29
N-9730 Kárášjohka
philip.burgess@excite.com

Tor Magne Berg
Samisk videregående skole
N-9730 Kárášjohka 
ph./тел. (+47) 78 46 96 28

ph./тел. (+47) 92 09 28 70

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
FINLAND
ФИНЛЯНДИЯ__________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Lapin Yliopisto, Arktinen keskus (University of Lapland, Arctic Centre; Университет Лапландии,  Арктический центр)
PL 122
FIN-96101 Rovaniemi
Bruce Forbes
ph./тел. (+358) 16 341 27 10
fax/факс (+358) 16 341 27 77
bforbes@levi.urova.fi

Lapin Yliopisto, Kasvatustieteiden tiedekunta (University of Lapland, Faculty of Education; Университет Лапландии, Факультет Образования)
PL 122
FIN-96101 Rovaniemi
Leif Rantala
ph./тел. (+358) 16 341 24 18
fax/факс (+358) 16-341 24 01
Irja Paltto
Siljotie 8 A 4	
FIN-96100 Rovaniemi
Finland
ph./тел. (+358) 16-341 2208
fax/факс (+358) 16-341 2207
Irja.Paltto@urova.fi
Project assistant, International Relations

Department of Regional Studies and Environmental Policy (Университет Тампере, Департамент Региональных Исследований и Экологической Политики)
PL 607
FIN- 33101 Tampere
Kristiina Karppi
fax/факс (+358) 32 15 73 11
atkrse@uta.fi

Turun Yliopisto, Kansatiede (University of Turku, Institute of Cultural Studies; Университет Турку, Институт исследований по культуре) 
FIN-20014 Turun Yliopisto
Helena Ruotsala
ph./тел. (+358) 2 –333 63 50
fax/факс (+358) 2 –333 63 60
helena.ruotsala@utu.fi

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
SWEDEN
ШВЕЦИЯ_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Göteborgs Universitet, Centre for Russian and East European Studies (CREES; University of Göteborg, Centre for Russian and East European Studies; Университет Гётеборга, Центр российских и восточно-европейских исследований)
P.O.Box 720
S-405 30 Göteborg
Birgitta Jännebring
ph./тел. (+44) 31-773 4316
fax/факс (+44) 31-773 4461
birgitta.jannebring@crees.gu.se

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
DANMARK / GREENLAND
ДАНИЯ / ГРЕНЛАНДИЯ_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Danish-Greenlandic Project (DGP) on Assistence to Indigenous Peoples of Russia, (Датско-Гренландская Инициатива по Поддержке Коренных Народов России), c/o Komité “Natur og Folk i Nord” (Committee "Nature and People of the North"; Комитет “Природа и народы Севера”)
Møntergade 16
DK-1116 København K
Mads Fægteborg
ph./тел. (+45) 33 13 02 92
fax/факс (+45) 33 32 09 92
arctic@inet.uni2.dk
Finn Lynge	
flynge@danbbs.dk

Institut for eskimologi (Institute of Eskimology; Институт Эскимологии)
Strandgade 100 H (Danish Polar Centre)
DK-1401 København K
ph./тел. (+45) 32 88 01 00
fax/факс (+45) 32 88 01 61

INFONOR 
Selma Lagerlöfs Alle 45
DK-2860 Søborg
ph./тел. (+45) 39 63 31 67
infonor@get2net.dk
Claus Oreskov 
Bernhard Bös

International Training Centre for Indigenous Peoples (ITCIP; Meждународный учебный центр коренных народов)
P.O.Box 901
DK-3900 Nuuk
GREENLAND
Ingmar Egede
ph./тел. (+299) 32 70 68
fax/факс (+299) 32 72 90
ingmar@egede.dk

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CANADA									 USA
КАНАДА_______________________________________________________________________________ США _________________________

University of Alberta, Canadian Circumpolar Institute (Университет Алберта, Арктический Институт, Канада)
8820-112 Street
Edmonton, Alberta 
CDN-T6G 2E1
ph./тел. (+1) 403-492 4512
fax/факс (+1) 403-492 1153
canadian.circumpolar.institute@ualberta.ca

University of Alberta, Department of Anthropology (Университет Алберта,  факультет Антропологии)
114 Street 89 Avenue
Edmonton, Alberta 
David Anderson
CDN-T6G 2M7
ph./тел. (+1) 780-492-9746
fax/факс (+1) 780-492-5273
david.anderson@ualberta.ca
David Marples
CDN-T6G 2H4
ph./тел. (+1) 403-492 0851
fax/факс (+1) 403-492 9125
david.marples@ualberta.ca

McGill University, Department of Geography (Университет МакГилл, факультет Географии)
805, rue Sherbrooke Ouest
Montréal, Quebec
CDN-H3A 2K6
Ludger MüllerWille
ph./тел. (+1) 514-398 4960
fax/факс (+1) 514-398 7437
inmw@musicb.mcgill.ca
Tuula Tuisku
ttuisk@po-box.mcgill.ca

University of Northern British Columbia (Университет Северо-Британской Колумбии)
3333 University Way	
Prince George, B.C.
CDN-V2N 4Z9
Geography Program (Прогр. географии):
Gail Fondahl 
ph./тел. (+1) 250-960 5856
fax/факс (+1) 250-960 5539
fondahlg@unbc.ca
Greg Poelzer
History Program (Прогр. истории):
Aileen Espiritu 
espiritu@unbc.ca

Dartmouth College, Institute of Arctic Studies (Дартмунтский Колледж, Институт Арктических Исследований)
6214 Steele Hall
USA Hanover, N.H. 03755
ph./тел. (+1) 603 646 1278
fax/факс (+1) 603 64 61 279
Gail Osherenko
ph./тел. (+1) 603 646 1396 
Gail.Osherenko@Dartmouth.edu

Natalie Novik
3505 B Lois Drive 
АК 99517, Anchorage
Alaska, USA
ph./fax-тел./факс (+1) 907-276 6744
alyaska@alyaska.net
translator, consultant (переводчик, консультант)

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
OTHER COUNTRIES
ДРУГИЕ СТРАНЫ_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Gesellschaft für bedrohte Völker (Society for Threatened Peoples; Ассоциация по защите репрессированных иародов)
Pf. 2024, D-37010 Göttingen 
ph./тел. (+49) 551 49 90 60
fax/факс (+49) 551 5 80 28
Yvonne Bangert
info@gfbv.de

New Bulgarian University, Institute for Anthropological Field-Research (Ново-Болгарский Университет, Научно-исследовательский Институт  Антропологии)
BUL-1233 Sofia
P.O.Box 59
Yulian Konstantinov
bsrcs@mbox.cit.bg

University of Queensland Department of Government (Университет Куинслэнд, Отдел управления)
AUS-Brisbane, Queensland 4072
Peter Jull
ph. off./тел. дом. (+61) 7 3365-2635
ph. home/тел. раб. (+61) 7 3878-9726
fax/факс (+61) 7 3365-1388
pjull@tpgi.com.au

Arctic Peoples Alert (Нидерландская организация Arctic Peoples Alert)	
Zusterstraat 58 B
NL-2512 TN Den Haag
ph./тел. (+31) 70 40 20 943
fax/факс (+31) 70 38 82 915
Arctica@planet.nl
Govert de Groot 

Horizon Projects (Проектная фирма Horizon)
Provincie Stednweg 400
B-2530 Boechout 
ph./тел. (+32) 3 454 1434 
fax/факс (+32) 3 454 1093
jmertens@werel_missiehul.isabel.be
Fernand Dhondt

Horizon Projects (Проектная фирма Horizon)
Breughelstraat 31-33	
B-2018 Antwerpen 
ph./тел. (+32) -3-218 8488 
fax/факс (+32) 3-230 4540
kwia@agoranet.be

FMCA Sibérie “Le vigneau”
F-71170 Mussy-sous-Dun
ph./fax-тел./факс (+33) 3 85 26 13 07
eliott@wanadoo.fr
Christiane Lagrost 
Jean-François Christé	

Survival International (Survival - Международная Инициатива)
11-15 Emerald Street
UK-London WC1N 3QL
survival@gn.apc.org
Sophie Grig

doCip (Indigenous Peoples' Centre for Documentation, Research and Information, Центр документации, исследовании и информации для коренных народов)
14 avenue de Trembley
CH-1209 Genève
ph./тел. (+41) 22-740 34 33
fax/факс (+41) 22-740 3454
docip@iprolink.ch
Pierrette Birraux-Ziegler

Johannes Rohr 
Institut für Ökologie und Aktions-Ethnologie	
Melchiorstr 3	
D-50670 Köln
ph./fax-тел./факс (+49) 221 739 28 71
infoe@comlink.org
j.rohr@comlink.org

Katharina Gernet 
Ickstattstr. 7
D-80469 München
ph./тел. (+49) 89 20 16 529
fax/факс +49-98 10 110
katharina.gernet@lrz.uni-muenchen.de
Univ. München, Inst. für Völkerkunde

Florian Stammler	
Kölenstrasse 114	
D-53111 Bonn
ph./fax-тел./факс (+49) 22 86 50 673
Florian.Stammler@uni-koeln.de
Univ. Köln, Inst.of Ethnology

Anna Gossmann	
Münsterer Str. 23	
D-51063 Köln
ph./тел. (+49) 221-64 03 598
Anna.Gossmann@uni-koeln.de
Univ. Köln, Inst. of East European History